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Addressing Challenges and Development in Enforcing International Laws on Child Soldiers: The Need for Legal Reform

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024) · pp. 1941–1976

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v5i4.1529
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Published
2024-12-15
Publisher
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges of enforcing the international legal framework on child soldiering. The paper reveals that, as the offense of child soldiering escalates, the multi-dimensional scope for protecting child soldiers spans various legal regimes under international law. It argues that, despite several prohibitive norms established in International Humanitarian Law (IHL), International Human Rights Law (IHRL), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and International Criminal Law (ICL), their application or enforcement against child soldiering remains ineffective and inadequate due to numerous impediments and challenges. This is because "law on paper," like a baby in the womb, must align with "law in action" to achieve adequate effectiveness. The methodology employed is doctrinal research. Major gaps were identified, and the paper provides comprehensive recommendations to enhance the enforcement of global treaties against child soldiering. The paper concludes with recommendations to address the technical and legal complexities associated with child soldiering.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 107 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ridwan ArifinAffiliation unknown9
Anis WidyawatiAffiliation unknown5
Rasdi RasdiAffiliation unknown5
Rofi WahanisaAffiliation unknown5
Muhammad Abdul RoufAffiliation unknown5
Maryana LestariAffiliation unknown4
Raden Muhammad Arvy IlyasaAffiliation unknown3
Bosede Remilekun AdeutiAffiliation unknown3
Hilary NwaechefuAffiliation unknown3
Chusnul Qotimah Nita PermataAffiliation unknown2
Heni RosidaAffiliation unknown2
Rastini RastiniAffiliation unknown2
Jaka Bangkit SanjayaAffiliation unknown2
Mila Rizki AuliaAffiliation unknown2
Nurul FibriantiAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Iqbal BaiquniAffiliation unknown2
Atha Difa SaputriAffiliation unknown2
Riki JuliantoAffiliation unknown2
Dorcas Adesola ThanniAffiliation unknown2
Varun ChhachharAffiliation unknown2
Endriyani LestariAffiliation unknown1
Fitria DamayantiAffiliation unknown1
Syahwal SyahwalAffiliation unknown1
Alleandria La GrahaAffiliation unknown1
Fadhel Arjuna AdindaAffiliation unknown1
Jacques KabanoAffiliation unknown1
Mary-Ann Onoshoke AjayiAffiliation unknown1
Ana SilvianaAffiliation unknown1
Indah Fitri CahyaniAffiliation unknown1
Ogah Chinyere ConstanceAffiliation unknown1
Dewi SulistianingsihState University of Semarang1
Mentari Berliana Kemala DewiAffiliation unknown1
Mentari Berliana KumalaAffiliation unknown1
Suhadi SuhadiAffiliation unknown1
Asmarani RamliAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Addressing Challenges and Development in Enforcing International Laws on Child Soldiers: The Need for Legal Reform</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Okereke, Obinna Nnanna </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nnawulezi, Uche</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Magashi, Salim Bashir</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Adiyatma, Septhian Eka </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Balarabe, Kasim </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Child Soldiering</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Enforcement</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Framework</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">International</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Challenges</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges of enforcing the international legal framework on child soldiering. The paper reveals that, as the offense of child soldiering escalates, the multi-dimensional scope for protecting child soldiers spans various legal regimes under international law. It argues that, despite several prohibitive norms established in International Humanitarian Law (IHL), International Human Rights Law (IHRL), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and International Criminal Law (ICL), their application or enforcement against child soldiering remains ineffective and inadequate due to numerous impediments and challenges. This is because "law on paper," like a baby in the womb, must align with "law in action" to achieve adequate effectiveness. The methodology employed is doctrinal research. Major gaps were identified, and the paper provides comprehensive recommendations to enhance the enforcement of global treaties against child soldiering. The paper concludes with recommendations to address the technical and legal complexities associated with child soldiering.
 </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-12-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/1529</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v5i4.1529</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024): Contemporary Issues on Law Reform in Indonesia and Global Context; 1941-1976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v5i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/1529/2984</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2024 Obinna Nnanna  Okereke, Uche Nnawulezi, Salim Bashir Magashi, Septhian Eka  Adiyatma, Kasim  Balarabe (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>