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Blockchain and Corporate Criminal Liability: Law Reform and the Technological Revolution in Corporate Accountability

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025) · pp. 1411–1450

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v6i3.22472
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Published
2025-07-31
Publisher
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

The rapid development of blockchain technology is reshaping various dimensions of governance, particularly in strengthening corporate accountability and addressing corporate criminal liability. This paper examines how blockchain, through its inherent features of decentralization, transparency, immutability, and smart contracts, can offer innovative tools to reform legal frameworks governing corporate behavior. These features enable more robust compliance monitoring, secure and tamper-proof evidence handling, and efficient fraud detection mechanisms. By integrating blockchain into corporate governance systems, companies can enhance regulatory compliance and reduce the risks of misconduct. Smart contracts, in particular, allow the automation of enforcement procedures, minimizing human error and corruption while increasing legal predictability. This paper further explores how blockchain facilitates proactive legal oversight and redefines how liability is tracked and enforced within corporate structures. Despite its potential, the adoption of blockchain within legal systems faces several challenges, including regulatory ambiguity, privacy issues, and the necessity for international legal harmonization. To illustrate the real-world application of blockchain in legal reforms, this study presents comparative case analyses from jurisdictions that are at the forefront of blockchain regulation and implementation in corporate governance. Ultimately, this paper argues that blockchain serves not merely as a technological tool but as a catalyst for transforming the philosophy and practice of corporate criminal liability. To realize its full potential, collaborative efforts among legislators, regulators, and private sector actors are essential. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for incorporating blockchain into corporate criminal law, aiming to enhance transparency, ensure compliance, and strengthen governance frameworks in line with technological progress.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 86 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Cenderawasih University
  • Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Kiki KristantoAffiliation unknown5
Putra Perdana Ahmad SaifullohAffiliation unknown4
Zainal ArifinAffiliation unknown3
Aris HardinantoAffiliation unknown3
Ariesta Wibisono AndityaAffiliation unknown3
Anis WidyawatiAffiliation unknown3
Sonia Ivana BarusAffiliation unknown3
Sholahuddin Al-FatihAffiliation unknown3
Mikhael FekaAffiliation unknown2
Emi Puasa HandayaniAffiliation unknown2
Nahdiya SabrinaAffiliation unknown2
Panca Sarjana PutraAffiliation unknown2
Achmad CholidinAffiliation unknown2
Papontee TeeraphanAffiliation unknown2
Firdaus ArifinAffiliation unknown2
Mustafa LutfiAffiliation unknown2
Ramadhita RamadhitaAffiliation unknown2
Amancik AmancikAffiliation unknown2
Ridwan ArifinAffiliation unknown2
July EstherAffiliation unknown2
Akhmad AkhmadCenderawasih University2
Herawan SauniAffiliation unknown2
Joice SorayaAffiliation unknown1
PujiyonoAffiliation unknown1
R.B SulartoAffiliation unknown1
Ana Tasia PaseAffiliation unknown1
Hendri DwiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Agus ManfaluthiAffiliation unknown1
Timotius Febry Cristian Wahyu SutrisnoAffiliation unknown1
Trinas Dewi HariyanaAffiliation unknown1
Ali Huristak Hartawan HasibuanAffiliation unknown1
Dhita Widya PutriMinistry of Research, Technology and Higher Education1
Sang Ayu Putu RahayuAffiliation unknown1
Dina Silvia PuteriAffiliation unknown1
Rahayu Fery AnitasariAffiliation unknown1
Benny SumardianaAffiliation unknown1
Eka Nugraha PutraAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Blockchain and Corporate Criminal Liability: Law Reform and the Technological Revolution in Corporate Accountability</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Manullang, Herlina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fernando, Zico Junius</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nur, Asrul Ibrahim</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Blockchain</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Corporate Criminal Liability</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Law Reform</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Corporate Accountability</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Smart Contracts</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The rapid development of blockchain technology is reshaping various dimensions of governance, particularly in strengthening corporate accountability and addressing corporate criminal liability. This paper examines how blockchain, through its inherent features of decentralization, transparency, immutability, and smart contracts, can offer innovative tools to reform legal frameworks governing corporate behavior. These features enable more robust compliance monitoring, secure and tamper-proof evidence handling, and efficient fraud detection mechanisms. By integrating blockchain into corporate governance systems, companies can enhance regulatory compliance and reduce the risks of misconduct. Smart contracts, in particular, allow the automation of enforcement procedures, minimizing human error and corruption while increasing legal predictability. This paper further explores how blockchain facilitates proactive legal oversight and redefines how liability is tracked and enforced within corporate structures. Despite its potential, the adoption of blockchain within legal systems faces several challenges, including regulatory ambiguity, privacy issues, and the necessity for international legal harmonization. To illustrate the real-world application of blockchain in legal reforms, this study presents comparative case analyses from jurisdictions that are at the forefront of blockchain regulation and implementation in corporate governance. Ultimately, this paper argues that blockchain serves not merely as a technological tool but as a catalyst for transforming the philosophy and practice of corporate criminal liability. To realize its full potential, collaborative efforts among legislators, regulators, and private sector actors are essential. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for incorporating blockchain into corporate criminal law, aiming to enhance transparency, ensure compliance, and strengthen governance frameworks in line with technological progress.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/22472</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v6i3.22472</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): July, 2025; 1411-1450</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v6i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/22472/5144</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Herlina Manullang, Zico Junius Fernando, Asrul Ibrahim Nur (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>