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Integrating AI into Small Claims Courts: Lessons from Global Practices for Legal Reform in Indonesia

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 337–376

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v7i1.24028
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Published
2026-01-26
Publisher
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

Indonesia’s civil judicial system persists in facing procedural inefficiencies, especially with small claims, notwithstanding the implementation of the e-Court system. The lack of intelligent assistance in this digital infrastructure obstructs the achievement of efficient, rapid, and cost-effective adjudication as required by law. This study seeks to investigate the potential incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into Indonesia’s small claims process as a tool for legislative and institutional change. The research used a normative legal methodology, incorporating statutory and comparative analyses, to derive insights from the regulatory frameworks and judicial innovations of China, Singapore, and Canada. These jurisdictions have effectively utilized AI for claim classification, procedural assistance, and facilitating access for self-represented litigants, according to the results. In contrast to traditional digital technologies, AI facilitates cognitive capabilities like pattern identification and legal triage, which can substantially reduce administrative burdens and improve judicial uniformity. The study presents a reform approach for Indonesia that integrates AI in the initial procedural phases—specifically in claim registration and preliminary review—while maintaining judicial independence and due process. This study’s originality resides in its integration of comparative law, legal technology, and Indonesian procedural realities to present a contextually relevant, ethically informed paradigm for AI-enhanced adjudication. If properly regulated and strategically implemented, this integration can convert small claims courts into more accessible, efficient, and equitable institutions, reinforcing the judiciary’s constitutional responsibility in providing substantive justice.

Keywords

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32 authors · 70 co-authorship links

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Lies SulistianiAffiliation unknown4
HAZAR KUSMAYANTIAffiliation unknown2
Anita AfrianaAffiliation unknown2
Ramalinggam RajamanicamAffiliation unknown2
Bambang Daru NugrohoAffiliation unknown1
Deni SetiyawanAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Nurcholis AlhadiAffiliation unknown1
Ramalinggam RajamanickamAffiliation unknown1
Sherly Ayuna PutriAffiliation unknown1
Geofani Milthree SaragihAffiliation unknown1
Novendri NggiluAffiliation unknown1
Mexsasai IndraAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Hatta Roma TampubolonAffiliation unknown1
Arifin TumuhulawaAffiliation unknown1
Novendri Mohmad NggiluAffiliation unknown1
I Gde Pantja AstawaAffiliation unknown1
Ade YuliasihAffiliation unknown1
Sarifuddin SudingAffiliation unknown1
Mohamad Hidayat MuhtarAffiliation unknown1
Kevin M. RiveraAffiliation unknown1
Viorizza Suciani PutriAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad AhmadAffiliation unknown1
Ijud TajudinAffiliation unknown1
Christian TobingAffiliation unknown1
Lastuti AbubakarAffiliation unknown1
Deny HaspadaAffiliation unknown1
Maya KhaterAffiliation unknown1
Novendri Mohamad NggiluAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Integrating AI into Small Claims Courts: Lessons from Global Practices for Legal Reform in Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Satrio, Dwi Bintang</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Artaji, Artaji</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fakhriah, Efa Laela</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yassine, Chami</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Artificial Intelligence</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Small Claims Court</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Judicial Reform</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Access to Justice</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Comparative Legal Analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Indonesia’s civil judicial system persists in facing procedural inefficiencies, especially with small claims, notwithstanding the implementation of the e-Court system. The lack of intelligent assistance in this digital infrastructure obstructs the achievement of efficient, rapid, and cost-effective adjudication as required by law. This study seeks to investigate the potential incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into Indonesia’s small claims process as a tool for legislative and institutional change. The research used a normative legal methodology, incorporating statutory and comparative analyses, to derive insights from the regulatory frameworks and judicial innovations of China, Singapore, and Canada. These jurisdictions have effectively utilized AI for claim classification, procedural assistance, and facilitating access for self-represented litigants, according to the results. In contrast to traditional digital technologies, AI facilitates cognitive capabilities like pattern identification and legal triage, which can substantially reduce administrative burdens and improve judicial uniformity. The study presents a reform approach for Indonesia that integrates AI in the initial procedural phases—specifically in claim registration and preliminary review—while maintaining judicial independence and due process. This study’s originality resides in its integration of comparative law, legal technology, and Indonesian procedural realities to present a contextually relevant, ethically informed paradigm for AI-enhanced adjudication. If properly regulated and strategically implemented, this integration can convert small claims courts into more accessible, efficient, and equitable institutions, reinforcing the judiciary’s constitutional responsibility in providing substantive justice.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-26</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/24028</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v7i1.24028</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026; 337-376</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v7i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/24028/8368</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Bintang Satrio, Artaji Artaji, Efa Laela Fakhriah, Chami Yassine (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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