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Can Law Protect Local Identity? Comparing Indonesia and Oman on Geographical Indications in Global Trade

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 759–798

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v7i2.36003
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Published
2026-04-30
Publisher
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

Geographical Indications (GIs) serve as a vital form of communal intellectual property, safeguarding local identity, cultural heritage, and economic value. This study investigates the legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms of GI protection in Indonesia and Oman within the context of global trade. Indonesia’s Law No. 20 of 2016 provides a robust framework, demonstrated by the success of Java Sindoro-Sumbing Coffee. Conversely, while Oman’s Royal Decree No. 40/2000 establishes a legal basis, practical implementation—particularly for agricultural products—remains hindered by nascent regulatory structures and low producer awareness. Utilizing a socio-legal approach, this research gathers data through interviews with local producer groups, government officials, and GI associations to identify gaps in dispute resolution and cross-border enforcement. The novelty of this study lies in its proposal of a hybrid legal model that integrates litigation and non-litigation strategies, adaptable for both mature and emerging GI jurisdictions. This research contributes to the field by enhancing legal awareness and providing a practical framework to ensure local identity is preserved and respected in the global marketplace.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 157 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ridwan ArifinAffiliation unknown24
Dian LatifianiAffiliation unknown15
Muhammad Iqbal BaiquniAffiliation unknown11
Suhadi SuhadiAffiliation unknown8
Nadiyah Meyliana PutriAffiliation unknown7
Kartika Fajar CahyaniAffiliation unknown6
Adinda Ratna PertiwiAffiliation unknown6
Asyaffa Ridzqi AmandhaAffiliation unknown5
Umi AfiatunAffiliation unknown5
Indah Sri UtariAffiliation unknown4
Ali MasyharAffiliation unknown4
Andry SetiawanAffiliation unknown4
Bayu BimantaraAffiliation unknown4
Dede Alvin SetiajiAffiliation unknown4
Fitria DamayantiAffiliation unknown4
Ratih DamayantiAffiliation unknown3
Tegar Islami PutraAffiliation unknown3
Siti Hafsyah IdrisAffiliation unknown3
Bayangsari WedhatamiAffiliation unknown3
Dani MuhtadaAffiliation unknown2
Dewi SulistianingsihState University of Semarang2
Mohammad Reza FachruddinAffiliation unknown2
Purniawati PurniawatiAffiliation unknown2
Nikmatul KasanaAffiliation unknown2
Natasya Fitri DewantiAffiliation unknown2
Salisa Widyaning KinasihAffiliation unknown2
Bagus Edi PrayogoAffiliation unknown2
Amanah AmanahAffiliation unknown2
Tirta Mulya Wira PradanaAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Azil MaskurAffiliation unknown2
Putri Balqis Nuril HakimAffiliation unknown2
Ahmad Gelora MahardikaAffiliation unknown2
Irawaty IrawatyUniversitas Halu Oleo2
R Benny RiyantoAffiliation unknown2
Aprila NiravitaAffiliation unknown2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Can Law Protect Local Identity? Comparing Indonesia and Oman on Geographical Indications in Global Trade</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Waspiah, Waspiah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rodiyah, Rodiyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ramli, Asmarani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ezzerouali, Souad Ahmed</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sebastian, Valerio</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Geographical Indications</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Local Identity Protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dispute Resolution</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Oman</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Geographical Indications (GIs) serve as a vital form of communal intellectual property, safeguarding local identity, cultural heritage, and economic value. This study investigates the legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms of GI protection in Indonesia and Oman within the context of global trade. Indonesia’s Law No. 20 of 2016 provides a robust framework, demonstrated by the success of Java Sindoro-Sumbing Coffee. Conversely, while Oman’s Royal Decree No. 40/2000 establishes a legal basis, practical implementation—particularly for agricultural products—remains hindered by nascent regulatory structures and low producer awareness. Utilizing a socio-legal approach, this research gathers data through interviews with local producer groups, government officials, and GI associations to identify gaps in dispute resolution and cross-border enforcement. The novelty of this study lies in its proposal of a hybrid legal model that integrates litigation and non-litigation strategies, adaptable for both mature and emerging GI jurisdictions. This research contributes to the field by enhancing legal awareness and providing a practical framework to ensure local identity is preserved and respected in the global marketplace.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/36003</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v7i2.36003</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): April, 2026; 759-798</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v7i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/36003/9480</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Waspiah Waspiah, Rodiyah Rodiyah, Asmarani Ramli, Souad Ahmed Ezzerouali, Valerio Sebastian (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>