Valorization of Chicken Feather Waste in west Java into Bokashi Fertilizer Using Anaerobic Fermentation to Support Circular Agriculture: A Review

Agung Saputra, Satria; Zain, Faatin Nisriinaa; Pratiwi, Kharisma Ardhani Nur

doi:10.15294/joct.v2i2.28957

Open access Journal

Valorization of Chicken Feather Waste in west Java into Bokashi Fertilizer Using Anaerobic Fermentation to Support Circular Agriculture: A Review

Journal of Clean Technology · Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 1–15

DOI: 10.15294/joct.v2i2.28957
ISSN: 2460-9811, 2460-8874
Published: 2025-07-14
Publisher: Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language: eng
License: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

Abstract

The rapid growth of the poultry industry in Indonesia, particularly in West Java, has resulted in significant chicken feather waste, which remains largely unutilized and poses environmental risks due to its high keratin content. This review explores the potential of converting chicken feather waste into bokashi fertilizer through anaerobic fermentation as a sustainable strategy in line with circular agriculture principles. The fermentation process involves pretreatment using keratinase producing microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by the application of Effective Microorganisms (EM4) activated with molasses. Under optimal conditions, including a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25 to 30 to 1, temperature between 30 to 40 degrees Celsius, and humidity around 50 percent, the process can produce high quality organic fertilizer that meets national standards. The resulting bokashi exhibits favorable physical and chemical characteristics, such as high nitrogen content and a balanced nutrient profile. More broadly, this approach offers a low cost, scalable, and environmentally friendly solution for managing livestock waste while enhancing soil fertility and supporting regenerative farming. With further optimization and wider implementation at the community level, chicken feather based bokashi has strong potential to contribute to sustainable agriculture and effective waste management in poultry producing regions.

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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Bahlawan	Affiliation unknown	2
Mochammad Choiril Muna	Affiliation unknown	2
Muhammad Adam Purnawan	Affiliation unknown	1
Fakhri Ahmad Kurniawan	Affiliation unknown	1
Shaka Kusuma Nurjati	Affiliation unknown	1
Maulida Zakia	Affiliation unknown	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/joct/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Valorization of Chicken Feather Waste in west Java into Bokashi Fertilizer Using Anaerobic Fermentation to Support Circular Agriculture: A Review</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Agung Saputra, Satria</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zain, Faatin Nisriinaa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pratiwi, Kharisma Ardhani Nur</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">chicken feather</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">bokashi</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">anaerobic fermentation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">keratinase</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">circular agriculture</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The rapid growth of the poultry industry in Indonesia, particularly in West Java, has resulted in significant chicken feather waste, which remains largely unutilized and poses environmental risks due to its high keratin content. This review explores the potential of converting chicken feather waste into bokashi fertilizer through anaerobic fermentation as a sustainable strategy in line with circular agriculture principles. The fermentation process involves pretreatment using keratinase producing microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by the application of Effective Microorganisms (EM4) activated with molasses. Under optimal conditions, including a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25 to 30 to 1, temperature between 30 to 40 degrees Celsius, and humidity around 50 percent, the process can produce high quality organic fertilizer that meets national standards. The resulting bokashi exhibits favorable physical and chemical characteristics, such as high nitrogen content and a balanced nutrient profile. More broadly, this approach offers a low cost, scalable, and environmentally friendly solution for managing livestock waste while enhancing soil fertility and supporting regenerative farming. With further optimization and wider implementation at the community level, chicken feather based bokashi has strong potential to contribute to sustainable agriculture and effective waste management in poultry producing regions.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/joct/article/view/28957</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/joct.v2i2.28957</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Clean Technology; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): August 2025; 1-15</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-9811</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-8874</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/joct.v2i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/joct/article/view/28957/4858</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Satria Agung Saputra, Faatin Nisriinaa Zain, Kharisma Ardhani Nur Pratiwi (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</dc:rights>
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