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Management of Drills in Swimming for Athletes Ages 6-18

Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport · Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 755–762

DOI
10.15294/jpehs.v13i1.41123
ISSN
2354-7901, 2354-8231
Published
2026-04-30
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

The management of drills in swimming for school-age athletes (6-18 years old) requires a very high level of precision with a minimum fault tolerance threshold of up to 1%. This study aims to determine the optimal management of drill exercises to improve the technical performance of athletes in a sustainable manner. The method used is a literature review of 9 relevant sources published between 2020 and 2026. The results of the analysis show four main pillars in the management of drill exercises: (1) integrating the coach's understanding of sport science and biomechanical analysis to objectively identify technical deviations; (2) selection of specific training programs according to the needs of individual athletes; (3) the application of undulating or non-linear periodization which has been shown to be more effective in maintaining performance consistency and preventing neuromuscular saturation in young athletes; and (4) the use of assistive devices such as pull buoys, fins, and buoys, as well as motion analysis technologies (such as Kinovea) to isolate technical weaknesses and improve movement efficiency in the water. Overall, the synergy between data-driven planning, rigorous operational standardization, and continuous evaluation is a key foundation in optimizing long-term swimming performance.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

26 authors · 63 co-authorship links · 5 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
  • Tamkang University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Hendra MashuriAffiliation unknown3
Made Agus WijayaAffiliation unknown2
I Wayan ArtanayasaAffiliation unknown2
I Ketut SemarayasaAffiliation unknown2
Nita PeranitaAffiliation unknown2
I Kadek Angga PrabawanataAffiliation unknown2
Made Diah Karisma UtamiAffiliation unknown2
I Gede Ari Septena PutraAffiliation unknown2
I Gde Wawan SudathaUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha1
Ni Wayan RatiUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha1
Kadek Ari DwiarwatiUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha1
I Nyoman Tri EsaputraUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha1
C. ChiuTamkang University1
Ni Komang Kristina DewiAffiliation unknown1
I Komang Sukarata AdnyanaAffiliation unknown1
Ida Bagus Arta Pratihara NandanaAffiliation unknown1
Peby GunartoAffiliation unknown1
I Gede SuwiwaAffiliation unknown1
Ida Bagus Made BukitAffiliation unknown1
I Made Arya KusumaAffiliation unknown1
I Gede BerataAffiliation unknown1
Putu Bayu SastrawanAffiliation unknown1
Ketut Chandra Adinata KusumaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Management of Drills in Swimming for Athletes Ages 6-18</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nyoman Putra Arya Gunawan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">I Made Satyawan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kadek Yogi Parta Lesmana</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Training Management; Drills; Swimming </dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The management of drills in swimming for school-age athletes (6-18 years old) requires a very high level of precision with a minimum fault tolerance threshold of up to 1%. This study aims to determine the optimal management of drill exercises to improve the technical performance of athletes in a sustainable manner. The method used is a literature review of 9 relevant sources published between 2020 and 2026. The results of the analysis show four main pillars in the management of drill exercises: (1) integrating the coach's understanding of sport science and biomechanical analysis to objectively identify technical deviations; (2) selection of specific training programs according to the needs of individual athletes; (3) the application  of undulating or non-linear periodization which has been shown to be more effective in maintaining performance consistency and preventing neuromuscular saturation in young athletes; and (4) the use of assistive devices such as pull buoys, fins, and buoys, as well as motion analysis technologies (such as Kinovea) to isolate technical weaknesses and improve movement efficiency in the water. Overall, the synergy between data-driven planning, rigorous operational standardization, and continuous evaluation is a key foundation in optimizing long-term swimming performance.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/article/view/41123</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpehs.v13i1.41123</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026); 755 - 762</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-7901</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-8231</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpehs.v13i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs/article/view/41123/9707</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>