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The Relationship Between Nutritional Intake, Body Composition, and Physical Activity with the Level of Physical Fitness in Children with Mild Intellectual Disabilities

Journal of Physical Education and Sports (2026) · pp. 29–35

DOI
10.15294/jpes.vi.38681
ISSN
2502-4477, 2252-648X
Published
2026-09-30
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

This study analyzed the relationship between macro nutrient intake, body composition, and physical activity with physical fitness levels in 40 children with mild intellectual disabilities aged 15-19 years in Semarang, using a correlational survey method with standard instruments such as 24-hour food recall, BIA, PAQ-A, and TKSI level 4. The results of bivariate and multivariate analyses consistently showed that there was no statistically significant relationship or influence between nutritional intake (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates), body composition (fat, visceral fat, BMI), and physical activity on physical fitness, as all significance values were above 0.05. This insignificance is believed to be due to the demands on cognitive aspects and movement coordination, which are more dominant than nutritional adequacy, as well as the unstructured and low-intensity nature of physical activity. Therefore, it is concluded that physical fitness in children with mild intellectual disabilities is more influenced by factors outside the scope of this study, such as basic motor skills, neuromuscular coordination, ability to follow instructions, and environmental support, especially the role of parents and teachers.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 132 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Setya RahayuAffiliation unknown5
Anies SetiowatiAffiliation unknown3
Agung WahyudiAffiliation unknown3
Tri Joko RaharjoAffiliation unknown2
Soegiyanto SoegiyantoAffiliation unknown2
Harianingsih HarianingsihAffiliation unknown1
Mu’arifuddin Mu’arifuddinAffiliation unknown1
Gunawan GunawanUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Sugiharto SugihartoAffiliation unknown1
Ariyatun AriyatunAffiliation unknown1
Maria Ayu PuspitaAffiliation unknown1
Anggit RisdiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Rakha AbbiyuAffiliation unknown1
Irfan FauziAffiliation unknown1
Safeb Achman Irfai AnasAffiliation unknown1
Wahyu Restu SyahputriAffiliation unknown1
Ellianawati EllianawatiState University of Semarang1
Fiyya UmniyyatiAffiliation unknown1
Ho Jin ChungAffiliation unknown1
Yi Yan LimAffiliation unknown1
Yohana Endang TrirahayuAffiliation unknown1
Wendro LaksitoAffiliation unknown1
Oktia Woro Kasmini HandayaniState University of Semarang1
Widya Hary CahyatiAffiliation unknown1
Mario Melandri DjoenaedyAffiliation unknown1
Chien-Yen WangAffiliation unknown1
Syechalam Prabu Tunggul JatiAffiliation unknown1
NasukaAffiliation unknown1
Sofhia Fitriana PutrieAffiliation unknown1
Fenny Novita SariAffiliation unknown1
Siti Baitul MukarromahAffiliation unknown1
Suto Wijoyo Wisnu Teguh PurnomoAffiliation unknown1
Hadi HadiAffiliation unknown1
Rumini RuminiAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Anis FuadAffiliation unknown1
NOVIKA A. Y. INDUAffiliation unknown1
Agung PratamaAffiliation unknown1
Sugiarto SugiartoUniversity of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpes/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Relationship Between Nutritional Intake, Body Composition, and Physical Activity with the Level of Physical Fitness in Children with Mild Intellectual Disabilities</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Prasetya, Juli Ransyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sumartiningsih, Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">body composition</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">physical activity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">physical fitness</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">tunagrahita ringan</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Asupan gizi</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study analyzed the relationship between macro nutrient intake, body composition, and physical activity with physical fitness levels in 40 children with mild intellectual disabilities aged 15-19 years in Semarang, using a correlational survey method with standard instruments such as 24-hour food recall, BIA, PAQ-A, and TKSI level 4. The results of bivariate and multivariate analyses consistently showed that there was no statistically significant relationship or influence between nutritional intake (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates), body composition (fat, visceral fat, BMI), and physical activity on physical fitness, as all significance values were above 0.05. This insignificance is believed to be due to the demands on cognitive aspects and movement coordination, which are more dominant than nutritional adequacy, as well as the unstructured and low-intensity nature of physical activity. Therefore, it is concluded that physical fitness in children with mild intellectual disabilities is more influenced by factors outside the scope of this study, such as basic motor skills, neuromuscular coordination, ability to follow instructions, and environmental support, especially the role of parents and teachers.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpes/article/view/38681</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpes.vi.38681</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Physical Education and Sports; 2026: Edisi khusus Tahun 2026; 29-35</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-4477</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-648X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpes.vi</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpes/article/view/38681/11454</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Physical Education and Sports</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>