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Level of Elderly Participation in Recreational Soccer Activities: A Study of Arnstein's Ladder of Participation

Journal of Physical Education and Sports · Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 163–175

DOI
10.15294/jpes.v15i2.45693
ISSN
2502-4477, 2252-648X
Published
2026-07-06
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the level of participation of older adults in recreational soccer activities based on Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation (1969). Given the rapid growth of the older adult population in Indonesia, this study is important to support sustainable active aging strategies. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with 8 active elderly participants aged 60-65 years in Kediri Regency, specifically at the Mitra Muda Blabak and Amphibi Sambi clubs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation over a period of 2-4 weeks, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that 75% of participants fell into the Citizen Power category, 25% into the Tokenism category, and none into the Non-Participation category. These findings indicate that recreational soccer serves as an effective means of social empowerment for older adults, supporting the principle of active aging. However, the presence of tokenism among some participants indicates the need for greater delegation of authority in decision-making. It is recommended that the development of sports programs for older adults focus more on strengthening participant agency and social integration to improve their quality of life in a sustainable manner and reduce participation gaps. Policy implications are needed to ensure more equitable access for older adults to community physical activities.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 125 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Donny Wira Yudha KusumaAffiliation unknown7
Tandiyo RahayuAffiliation unknown7
Tommy SoenyotoAffiliation unknown4
Hermawan Pamot RahardjoAffiliation unknown3
Soekardi SoekardiAffiliation unknown3
Rumini RuminiAffiliation unknown3
Rinaldi AdityaAffiliation unknown2
Nasuka NasukaAffiliation unknown2
SulaimanAffiliation unknown2
Taufiq HidayahAffiliation unknown2
Mugiyo HartonoAffiliation unknown2
Soegiyanto SoegiyantoAffiliation unknown2
Setya RahayuAffiliation unknown2
Mohammad Arif AliAffiliation unknown2
Agus RaharjoAffiliation unknown2
Didik Rinan SumektoAffiliation unknown2
Boby HelmiAffiliation unknown1
Alan Alfiansyah Putra Karo KaroAffiliation unknown1
Andi Nur AbadyAffiliation unknown1
SyahruddinAffiliation unknown1
Hermawan Pamot RaharjoAffiliation unknown1
Norma Dyah PratiwiAffiliation unknown1
Kharisma WatiAffiliation unknown1
Sulis SetiyawatiAffiliation unknown1
Saefullah SaefullahAffiliation unknown1
Indra Dwi KurniaAffiliation unknown1
Laksmana Pandu PratamaAffiliation unknown1
riyaya pujaAffiliation unknown1
Dewi Wahyu RianaAffiliation unknown1
Yoga Aji PrihantonoAffiliation unknown1
Aqidatul IzzahAffiliation unknown1
naufal allamAffiliation unknown1
mahmud sudaryadiAffiliation unknown1
Bambang PriyonoState University of Semarang1
Bambang HermansahAffiliation unknown1
Stuart JaksonAffiliation unknown1
DYP SugihartoAffiliation unknown1
Tandyo RahayuAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpes/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Level of Elderly Participation in Recreational Soccer Activities: A Study of Arnstein's Ladder of Participation</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">NUR MALIKI, RACHMAD IRFAN</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Setyawati, Heny</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Active Aging</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Elderly Participation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ladder of Citizen Participation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Recreational Soccer</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study aims to analyze the level of participation of older adults in recreational soccer activities based on Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation (1969). Given the rapid growth of the older adult population in Indonesia, this study is important to support sustainable active aging strategies. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with 8 active elderly participants aged 60-65 years in Kediri Regency, specifically at the Mitra Muda Blabak and Amphibi Sambi clubs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation over a period of 2-4 weeks, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that 75% of participants fell into the Citizen Power category, 25% into the Tokenism category, and none into the Non-Participation category. These findings indicate that recreational soccer serves as an effective means of social empowerment for older adults, supporting the principle of active aging. However, the presence of tokenism among some participants indicates the need for greater delegation of authority in decision-making. It is recommended that the development of sports programs for older adults focus more on strengthening participant agency and social integration to improve their quality of life in a sustainable manner and reduce participation gaps. Policy implications are needed to ensure more equitable access for older adults to community physical activities.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-06</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpes/article/view/45693</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpes.v15i2.45693</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Physical Education and Sports; Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Juni 2026; 163-175</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-4477</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-648X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpes.v15i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpes/article/view/45693/10543</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Physical Education and Sports</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>