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Improving Students’ Self-Esteem through Group Counseling with Assertive Training and Positive Reinforcement Techniques

Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling · Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022) · pp. 273–280

DOI
10.15294/jubk.v11i4.63348
ISSN
2502-4450, 2252-6889
Published
2022-12-30
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Self-esteem is a crucial part of mental health, especially in self-acceptance. Low self-esteem is said to be a risk factor for the mental health issue development, including depression, antisocial, and low academic achievement. This study strived for examining the effectiveness of group counseling with assertive training and positive reinforcement techniques to improve students’ self-esteem. It was a quasi-experimental study with the factorial design 2x2. The study collected the data from 12 counseling sessions in group A, B, and C with the time allotment of 45 minutes for each. Self-esteem scale (SES) was the instrument used in this study. Based on Wilcoxon test, the assertiveness training positive reinforcement, and the combination of those techniques obtained similar intensity (correlated sample). In addition, the results of Two-Way ANOVA test have proved that the combination technique was the best treatment. The findings of this study can be a cognitive map for identifying students’ low self-esteem and their management on an ongoing basis.

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 163 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Sunawan SunawanAffiliation unknown19
Edy PurwantoAffiliation unknown18
Mungin Eddy WibowoAffiliation unknown13
Mulawarman MulawarmanAffiliation unknown12
Anwar SutoyoAffiliation unknown9
Dwi Yuwono Puji SugihartoAffiliation unknown8
Muhammad JaparAffiliation unknown7
Sinta SaraswatiAffiliation unknown6
Dwi Yuwono Puji SugihartoAffiliation unknown6
Mungin Eddy WibowoAffiliation unknown6
DYP SugihartoAffiliation unknown5
Heru MugiarsoAffiliation unknown4
Suharso SuharsoAffiliation unknown4
Masrukan MasrukanState University of Semarang3
Eko NusantoroAffiliation unknown3
Imam TadjriAffiliation unknown3
Firdian Setiya ArinataAffiliation unknown3
Joko SutartoAffiliation unknown3
Ujang KhiyarusolehAffiliation unknown2
Ujang KhiyarusholehAffiliation unknown2
Nailu RokhmatikaAffiliation unknown2
Arief YuliantoState University of Semarang2
Ninik SetyowaniAffiliation unknown2
M.Th Sri HartatiAffiliation unknown2
Fikri Arif GumelarAffiliation unknown2
Mufidah IstiqomahAffiliation unknown2
Muslikah MuslikahAffiliation unknown2
Kustiono KustionoAffiliation unknown2
Yudhi Purwa NugrahaAffiliation unknown1
Dyah Rini IndriyantiAffiliation unknown1
Muslikhah MuslikhahAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Aditya OktavaAffiliation unknown1
Azmia Khafizhotul LabibahAffiliation unknown1
Dian Safitri Indah FajriyaniAffiliation unknown1
Widiyanto WidiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Santy Indrias TutiAffiliation unknown1
Dwi PurwaningsihAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jubk/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Improving Students’ Self-Esteem through Group Counseling with Assertive Training and Positive Reinforcement Techniques</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Rahmat Ihtiar, Risno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sugiyo, Sugiyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Awalya, Awalya</dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Self-esteem is a crucial part of mental health, especially in self-acceptance. Low self-esteem is said to be a risk factor for the mental health issue development, including depression, antisocial, and low academic achievement. This study strived for examining the effectiveness of group counseling with assertive training and positive reinforcement techniques to improve students’ self-esteem. It was a quasi-experimental study with the factorial design 2x2. The study collected the data from 12 counseling sessions in group A, B, and C with the time allotment of 45 minutes for each. Self-esteem scale (SES) was the instrument used in this study. Based on Wilcoxon test, the assertiveness training positive reinforcement, and the combination of those techniques obtained similar intensity (correlated sample). In addition, the results of Two-Way ANOVA test have proved that the combination technique was the best treatment. The findings of this study can be a cognitive map for identifying students’ low self-esteem and their management on an ongoing basis.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-12-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/jubk/article/view/63348</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jubk.v11i4.63348</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling; Vol 11 No 4 (2022): Special Issue; 273-280</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-4450</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6889</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jubk.v11i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/jubk/article/view/63348/23181</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling</dc:rights>
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