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Empowerment Scale for Pregnant Adolescents: Psychometric Testing on Antenatal Care and Birth Attendant Choices

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat · Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026) · pp. 1004–1015

DOI
10.15294/kemas.v21i4.42339
ISSN
2355-3596, 1858-1196
Published
2026-07-09
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)
Language
eng

Abstract

Inability of pregnant adolescents to make decisions regarding antenatal care and the choice of birth attendants increases the risk of maternal and childbirth complications. This study aimed to develop and validate an empowerment measurement instrument based on the Cattaneo and Chapman framework. A quantitative approach was applied in three community health centers (Puskesmas) in Cimahi City, known for high adolescent pregnancy rates. Data were collected by three community volunteers who distributed questionnaires directly and via Google Forms. Instrument validity was examined through a readability test with 10 adolescents and face validity by four experts. Thirty pregnant adolescents participated. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha. The empowerment construct produced 40 statements; the Item-Total Correlation test revealed one invalid self-efficacy item, two knowledge items, two skill items, one action item, and three impact items. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.92, with subscales: meaningful goals (0.84), self-efficacy (0.58), knowledge (0.70), skills (0.52), action (0.77), and impact (0.83). This study concludes that the empowerment instrument is valid and reliable, and further research is recommended to revalidate it through content validity and factor analysis with larger samples

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 96 co-authorship links · 10 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Jambi
  • Diponegoro University
  • Universitas Sulawesi Tenggara
  • Padjadjaran University
  • Universitas Cokroaminoto Makassar
  • Indonesia University of Education
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Wiji WijiIndonesia University of Education4
Tuszie WidhiyantiAffiliation unknown3
Dini RudiniAffiliation unknown3
Sri WarsiniAffiliation unknown2
Nurlinawati NurlinawatiAffiliation unknown2
Fadliyana EkawatyAffiliation unknown2
Andika SulistiawanAffiliation unknown2
Nurlinawati - -Affiliation unknown2
Batara SuryaAffiliation unknown2
Fitri YantiAffiliation unknown2
Suryadi Budi UtomoAffiliation unknown2
Sri Retno Dwi ArianiAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Hizbul WathonAffiliation unknown2
Bhisma MurtiAffiliation unknown2
Yohana Feynendra DaeliAffiliation unknown1
Yoyok Budi PramonoDiponegoro University1
Sri KhayatiUniversitas Sulawesi Tenggara1
Rifkah Anniza RahmanUniversitas Sulawesi Tenggara1
Alimuddin AlimuddinAffiliation unknown1
Hery SupratmanPadjadjaran University1
Rahmad Fani RamadhanPadjadjaran University1
Sri MulyaniUniversitas Jambi1
Muthia MutmainnahUniversitas Jambi1
Meinarisa MeinarisaUniversitas Jambi1
Nur Asia UmarUniversitas Cokroaminoto Makassar1
Ida SuryaniUniversitas Cokroaminoto Makassar1
Dian SavitriAffiliation unknown1
Ninuk LustyantieAffiliation unknown1
Wiwin LismidiatiAffiliation unknown1
Lintang Ayu SumekarAffiliation unknown1
Wenny Artanty NismanAffiliation unknown1
Ika ParmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Anis WidyasariAffiliation unknown1
Puspa Silvia JatiAffiliation unknown1
Azizah Tiara ZulfaAffiliation unknown1
Saltsa Rahmalia SuryaniAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/kemas/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Empowerment Scale for Pregnant Adolescents: Psychometric Testing on Antenatal Care and Birth Attendant Choices</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">handayani, Fatiah Handayani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sulaeman, Endang Sutisna </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en"> Mulyani, Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">adolescent pregnancy; antenatal care; birth attendants; empowerment; psychometric testing</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Inability of pregnant adolescents to make decisions regarding antenatal care and the choice of birth attendants increases the risk of maternal and childbirth complications. This study aimed to develop and validate an empowerment measurement instrument based on the Cattaneo and Chapman framework. A quantitative approach was applied in three community health centers (Puskesmas) in Cimahi City, known for high adolescent pregnancy rates. Data were collected by three community volunteers who distributed questionnaires directly and via Google Forms. Instrument validity was examined through a readability test with 10 adolescents and face validity by four experts. Thirty pregnant adolescents participated. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha. The empowerment construct produced 40 statements; the Item-Total Correlation test revealed one invalid self-efficacy item, two knowledge items, two skill items, one action item, and three impact items. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.92, with subscales: meaningful goals (0.84), self-efficacy (0.58), knowledge (0.70), skills (0.52), action (0.77), and impact (0.83). This study concludes that the empowerment instrument is valid and reliable, and further research is recommended to revalidate it through content validity and factor analysis with larger samples</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-09</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/kemas/article/view/42339</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/kemas.v21i4.42339</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat; Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026); 1004-1015</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2355-3596</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1858-1196</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/kemas.v21i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/kemas/article/view/42339/10618</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>