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Analysis of Tone Pronounciation in Beginner-Level Students of Mandarin Language Education Program at Semarang State University (UNNES) Using PRAAT Program Assistance

Longda Xiaokan: Journal of Mandarin Learning and Teaching · Vol. 8 No. 3s (2025) · pp. 85–95

DOI
10.15294/longdaxiaokan.v8i3s.30018
ISSN
2715-1611, 2528-5734
Published
2025-07-23
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Mandarin Chinese is one of the languages that uses a tonal system, errors in tone pronunciation can lead to differences in meaning. Pronunciation differences can be directly perceived by experts, but with the advancement of technology today, detailed differences can be observed through sound processing programs or applications. This study uses PRAAT as an auxiliary sound processing tool, which can display pitch curves of voices and show the frequencies used to analyze tone pronunciation. The subjects of this study are undergraduate students from the class of 2024 of the Mandarin Language Education program at UNNES, at the beginner level. The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, with the tone pronunciation analysis results of native speakers used as a comparison to the students' tone pronunciations. Data collection techniques in this research include observation, recording field notes, and documentation. The results of this study show that 19.19% of students pronounced tone 1 with a rising frequency, 22.7% of students pronounced tone 2 with a low frequency difference, making it sound similar to tone 1, and more than 93% of students pronounced tone 4 with a high frequency spike. This research is expected to provide a reference for developers of technology-based language learning applications to improve pronunciation analysis features. In addition, it is hoped that this research can contribute to the field of phonetics and serve as a reference for similar studies.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

36 authors · 73 co-authorship links

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  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Enrekang
  • Affiliation unknown
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  • Same organisation
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Dian Yuni PamujiAffiliation unknown15
Fatmawati - FatmawatiAffiliation unknown4
Mirah AzizahAffiliation unknown4
Sheyra Silvia SiregarAffiliation unknown4
Hasria RiskiAffiliation unknown2
Vitrianti Della ParmawatiAffiliation unknown2
R.M.P.P. RathnayakeAffiliation unknown2
Adi KuntoroAffiliation unknown1
Siti Ayu MasthurohAffiliation unknown1
Wastri PebrianiAffiliation unknown1
Alfia SuryaniAffiliation unknown1
Yoyok NugrohoAffiliation unknown1
Hukmawati HukmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Kezia Yansen PasangAffiliation unknown1
Nailur RahmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Lidwina Nesya CandraAffiliation unknown1
SukmaAffiliation unknown1
Andi Filsah MuslimatAffiliation unknown1
Sheyla Silvia SiregarAffiliation unknown1
Ayudhia Ratna WijayaAffiliation unknown1
Anggraeni AnggraeniAffiliation unknown1
Retno Purnama IrawatiAffiliation unknown1
Elvira SeptevanyAffiliation unknown1
Dian Sari Unga WaruAffiliation unknown1
Shinta Meiviana Harindra PutriAffiliation unknown1
Pratama Priya PambudiAffiliation unknown1
Ridwan ListiantoAffiliation unknown1
Khoirunnisa Herlistia PravitasariAffiliation unknown1
Sheila Maharani Tofina PutriAffiliation unknown1
Ajeng Mutiara ChahyaningtyasAffiliation unknown1
Ita Sarmita SamadUniversitas Muhammadiyah Enrekang1
Hasria Riski SAffiliation unknown1
Asmuliyati NahnuAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/longdaxiaokan/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Analysis of Tone Pronounciation in Beginner-Level Students of Mandarin Language Education Program at Semarang State University (UNNES) Using PRAAT Program Assistance</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fajriyah, Laeli</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Agwinanda, Almira</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Marsuki, Ria Riski</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mandarin language, PRAAT, Tone Frequency</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Mandarin Chinese is one of the languages that uses a tonal system, errors in tone pronunciation can lead to differences in meaning. Pronunciation differences can be directly perceived by experts, but with the advancement of technology today, detailed differences can be observed through sound processing programs or applications. This study uses PRAAT as an auxiliary sound processing tool, which can display pitch curves of voices and show the frequencies used to analyze tone pronunciation. The subjects of this study are undergraduate students from the class of 2024 of the Mandarin Language Education program at UNNES, at the beginner level. The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, with the tone pronunciation analysis results of native speakers used as a comparison to the students' tone pronunciations. Data collection techniques in this research include observation, recording field notes, and documentation. The results of this study show that 19.19% of students pronounced tone 1 with a rising frequency, 22.7% of students pronounced tone 2 with a low frequency difference, making it sound similar to tone 1, and more than 93% of students pronounced tone 4 with a high frequency spike. This research is expected to provide a reference for developers of technology-based language learning applications to improve pronunciation analysis features. In addition, it is hoped that this research can contribute to the field of phonetics and serve as a reference for similar studies. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-23</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/longdaxiaokan/article/view/30018</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/longdaxiaokan.v8i3s.30018</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Longda Xiaokan: Journal of Mandarin Learning and Teaching; Vol. 8 No. 3s (2025): Special Edition; 85-95</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-1611</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-5734</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/longdaxiaokan.v8i3s</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/longdaxiaokan/article/view/30018/5078</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Longda Xiaokan: Journal of Mandarin Learning and Teaching</dc:rights>
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