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Ideological Struggle in The Principle of Material Legality of the New Indonesian Criminal Code and its Future

Lex Scientia Law Review · Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025) · pp. 71–104

DOI
10.15294/lslr.v9i1.19743
ISSN
2598-9685, 2598-9677
Published
2025-05-31
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

This article emerged from the authors’ hypothesis that the principle of legality in the new Indonesian criminal code is complex to apply due to its reliance on four foundational principles: Pancasila, UUD NRI 45, human rights, and the general principles of law. To prove this hypothesis, the authors use the theory of ideology to analyze the battle of values, ideas, and motives in the four. Based on the authors’ reading, the new Indonesian criminal code has expanded the principle of legality into two, namely, the principle of formal and material legality. In the next instance, the authors identified an ideological struggle in the principle of material legality of the new Indonesian criminal code, which encompasses the clash of personal, political, and legal policy ideologies. Therefore, the principle of material legality is challenging to implement because competing ideologies often counteract one another. Finally, the authors recommend that the principle of legality be enforced by allowing power-sharing in legal jurisdiction between the Indonesian government and Indigenous law people.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 130 co-authorship links · 1 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Anis WidyawatiAffiliation unknown7
PujiyonoAffiliation unknown7
Ali MasyharAffiliation unknown6
Ridwan ArifinAffiliation unknown6
Benny SumardianaAffiliation unknown6
Chandra Noviardy IrawanAffiliation unknown4
Umi Khaerah PatiAffiliation unknown3
Pranoto PranotoAffiliation unknown3
Kukuh TejomurtiAffiliation unknown3
Ratih DamayantiState University of Semarang3
Nur RochaetiAffiliation unknown3
Rasdi RasdiAffiliation unknown3
Cahya WulandariState University of Semarang3
Bagus Hendradi KusumaAffiliation unknown3
Nadhira Madania DimartiAffiliation unknown2
Adrian HadiputraAffiliation unknown2
Ikram AmrullahAffiliation unknown2
Hibatullah MaajidAffiliation unknown2
Rodiyah RodiyahAffiliation unknown2
Putri Balqis Nuril HakimAffiliation unknown2
Ahmad Gelora MahardikaAffiliation unknown2
Diandra Preludio RamadaAffiliation unknown2
Mulyo WidodoAffiliation unknown2
Barda Nawawi AriefAffiliation unknown2
Siti MursidahAffiliation unknown2
Khamami ZadaAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Ishar HelmiAffiliation unknown2
Didik PurnomoAffiliation unknown2
Rohadhatul AisyAffiliation unknown2
‪Eram Tunggul Pawenang‬State University of Semarang1
Muhammad AzamUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Sonny Saptoajie WicaksonoAffiliation unknown1
Indung WijayantoState University of Semarang1
Angga AnggaAffiliation unknown1
Calvin CameronAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Ideological Struggle in The Principle of Material Legality of the New Indonesian Criminal Code and its Future</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhammad Azil Maskur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pujiyono Pujiyono</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Irma Cahyaningtyas</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wildan Azkal Fikri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Firsta Rahadatul ‘Aisy</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ideological Struggle</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">The Principle of Material Legality</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">The New Indonesian Criminal Code</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This article emerged from the authors’ hypothesis that the principle of legality in the new Indonesian criminal code is complex to apply due to its reliance on four foundational principles: Pancasila, UUD NRI 45, human rights, and the general principles of law. To prove this hypothesis, the authors use the theory of ideology to analyze the battle of values, ideas, and motives in the four. Based on the authors’ reading, the new Indonesian criminal code has expanded the principle of legality into two, namely, the principle of formal and material legality. In the next instance, the authors identified an ideological struggle in the principle of material legality of the new Indonesian criminal code, which encompasses the clash of personal, political, and legal policy ideologies. Therefore, the principle of material legality is challenging to implement because competing ideologies often counteract one another. Finally, the authors recommend that the principle of legality be enforced by allowing power-sharing in legal jurisdiction between the Indonesian government and Indigenous law people.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-05-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/article/view/19743</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/lslr.v9i1.19743</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Lex Scientia Law Review; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): May, 2025: Law, Technology, and Globalization: Challenges and Innovations in the Digital Justice Era ; 71-104</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-9685</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-9677</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/lslr.v9i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/article/view/19743/4332</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Azil Maskur, Pujiyono, Irma Cahyaningtyas , Wildan Azkal Fikri, Firsta Rahadatul ‘Aisy (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>