Identifying the Gray Zone between Bootleg and Counterfeit in the Context of Integrated Circuit Piracy in Indonesia

Serfiyani, Cita Yustisia; Sari, Mieke Yustia Ayu Ratna; Hermono, Budi; Sulistiyowati, Eny; Abhisek Kumar

doi:10.15294/lslr.v9i2.29368

Open access Journal

Identifying the Gray Zone between Bootleg and Counterfeit in the Context of Integrated Circuit Piracy in Indonesia

Lex Scientia Law Review · Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 1898–1924

DOI: 10.15294/lslr.v9i2.29368
ISSN: 2598-9685, 2598-9677
Published: 2025-11-17
Publisher: Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language: eng
License: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstract

Counterfeit integrated circuit (IC) products have been traded illegally in Indonesia due to a lack of public awareness of intellectual property rights (IPR) and inconsistent law enforcement. Irresponsible parties have produced fake ICs in the form of imitation goods, illegally imported from China to Indonesia—an issue that appears to be a further implication of the global technological trade war. Due to prohibited modifications, a gray zone exists between the classification of bootleg and counterfeit products, even though both are fake. Bootlegs are “inspired-products” protected by registered brands and industrial designs, which makes them more challenging to investigate than counterfeits that directly replicate the original. As a result, the proof aspects differ. It is essential to differentiate between counterfeits or bootlegs to enforce the appropriate sanctions and protect ICs in Indonesia. Using a normative research method, this legal research analyzes the differentiation between bootleg and counterfeit ICs and the legal protection of integrated circuits in Indonesia through statutory and conceptual approaches. This paper recommends the urgent need for a definitive classification to facilitate proof and the imposition of sanctions. Futhermore, the Indonesian government should revise Law No. 32 of 2000 by adding regulations regarding priority rights, enabling foreign IC rights holders to be better protected in Indonesia. Law enforcement efforts against counterfeit and bootleg ICs must also be supported by Indonesia’s commitment to participate in the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

15 authors · 32 co-authorship links

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Padjadjaran University
Affiliation unknown

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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
Eny Sulistyowati	Affiliation unknown	1
Muh Ali Masnun	Affiliation unknown	1
Arinto Nugroho	Affiliation unknown	1
Syahid Akhmad Faisol	Affiliation unknown	1
Siti Nur Azizah	Affiliation unknown	1
Ardhiwinda Kusumaputra	Padjadjaran University	1
Ari Purwadi	Affiliation unknown	1
L Budi Kagramanto	Affiliation unknown	1
Sigit Nugroho	Affiliation unknown	1
Derita Praptirahayu	Affiliation unknown	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Identifying the Gray Zone between Bootleg and Counterfeit in the Context of Integrated Circuit Piracy in Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Serfiyani, Cita Yustisia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sari, Mieke Yustia Ayu Ratna</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hermono, Budi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sulistiyowati, Eny</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Abhisek Kumar</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">integrated circuits</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">piracy</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">VGA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">bootleg</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">counterfeit</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Counterfeit integrated circuit (IC) products have been traded illegally in Indonesia due to a lack of public awareness of intellectual property rights (IPR) and inconsistent law enforcement. Irresponsible parties have produced fake ICs in the form of imitation goods, illegally imported from China to Indonesia—an issue that appears to be a further implication of the global technological trade war. Due to prohibited modifications, a gray zone exists between the classification of bootleg and counterfeit products, even though both are fake. Bootlegs are “inspired-products” protected by registered brands and industrial designs, which makes them more challenging to investigate than counterfeits that directly replicate the original. As a result, the proof aspects differ. It is essential to differentiate between counterfeits or bootlegs to enforce the appropriate sanctions and protect ICs in Indonesia. Using a normative research method, this legal research analyzes the differentiation between bootleg and counterfeit ICs and the legal protection of integrated circuits in Indonesia through statutory and conceptual approaches. This paper recommends the urgent need for a definitive classification to facilitate proof and the imposition of sanctions. Futhermore, the Indonesian government should revise Law No. 32 of 2000 by adding regulations regarding priority rights, enabling foreign IC rights holders to be better protected in Indonesia. Law enforcement efforts against counterfeit and bootleg ICs must also be supported by Indonesia’s commitment to participate in the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/article/view/29368</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/lslr.v9i2.29368</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Lex Scientia Law Review; Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): November, 2025: Law, Policy, and Governance in Contemporary Socio-Economic Transformation; 1898-1924</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-9685</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-9677</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/lslr.v9i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lslr/article/view/29368/8092</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Cita Yustisia Serfiyani, Mieke Yustia Ayu Ratna Sari, Budi Hermono, Eny Sulistyowati, Abhisek Kumar (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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