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Legal Protection for Workers with Disabilities in Indonesia: Implementation Analysis and Comparison with Japan from a Labor Justice Perspective

Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review · Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 101–138

DOI
10.15294/lsr.v6i1.35803
ISSN
2807-8683, 2807-8225
Published
2026-01-06
Publisher
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Workers with disabilities in Indonesia continue to face legal, structural, and social barriers to obtaining and maintaining employment in the formal sector, despite a legal framework that recognizes equal employment rights and freedom from discrimination. These barriers include fragmented regulations, weak institutional coordination, limited accessibility, inadequate workplace support, weak monitoring, and inconsistent enforcement. This study aims to analyze the legal implementation of disability employment protection in Indonesia through secondary evidence and to identify legal and institutional factors affecting its operation, while comparing Indonesia’s legal and institutional mechanisms with those of Japan. This normative-juridical study employs a comparative approach to relevant legislation, international legal instruments, policy documents, official reports, available data, and academic literature. The findings indicate that the main challenge lies not in the absence of legal recognition but in the limited operationalization of legal norms, weak oversight capacity, and inconsistent enforcement mechanisms. The comparison shows that Japan combines statutory protection with more developed administrative mechanisms, including employment reporting, reasonable accommodation guidance, and incentive-based compliance measures. The study concludes that strengthening disability employment protection in Indonesia requires clearer operational standards, stronger institutional coordination and oversight, more consistent enforcement, and contextual adaptation of relevant comparative practices. The study contributes to understanding how the protection of workers with disabilities depends not only on normative recognition but also on the institutional and administrative mechanisms that translate legal rights into effective protection.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 161 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Wahyu DwiantoAffiliation unknown5
Indah Sri UtariAffiliation unknown5
Danang Sudarwoko AdiAffiliation unknown4
Rodiyah RodiyahAffiliation unknown3
Muhammad Azil MaskurAffiliation unknown3
Yusup AminAffiliation unknown3
Indah LutfiyaAffiliation unknown3
Diandra Preludio RamadaAffiliation unknown3
Winarsih WinarsihState University of Semarang2
Mutmainah Nur QoiriAffiliation unknown2
Rini FidiyaniAffiliation unknown2
Destika Santi Putri SarfitriAffiliation unknown2
Jamaluddin Jamal MuhsenAffiliation unknown2
Putri Balqis Nuril HakimAffiliation unknown2
Ahmad Gelora MahardikaAffiliation unknown2
Ali MasyharAffiliation unknown2
Fitriani AbdiAffiliation unknown2
Bayangsari WedhatamiAffiliation unknown2
Cindy Ayu PrasasiAffiliation unknown2
Dwi Ajias PramasariAffiliation unknown2
Titi KalimaAffiliation unknown2
Rohmah PariAffiliation unknown2
DjarwantoAffiliation unknown2
Listya Mustika DewiAffiliation unknown2
Raden Gunawan Hadi RahmantoAffiliation unknown2
Dyah Ayu AgustiningrumAffiliation unknown2
Imran Arra’d SofiantoAffiliation unknown2
Adik BahanawanAffiliation unknown2
Dimas TriwibowoAffiliation unknown2
Teguh DarmawanAffiliation unknown2
Nizamuddin AliasAffiliation unknown2
Martitah MartitahState University of Semarang1
Eko MukmintoState University of Semarang1
Bayangsari WedhatamiState University of Semarang1
Danu IbrahimAffiliation unknown1
Julinar Tyara Maharani PasaribuAffiliation unknown1
Aqila Acyuta EndrosavaAffiliation unknown1
Ubaidillah KamalAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lsr/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Legal Protection for Workers with Disabilities in Indonesia: Implementation Analysis and Comparison with Japan from a Labor Justice Perspective</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Alfarisi, Salman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Damayanti, Ratih</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Disabled Workers</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Employment Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Policy Implementation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesia-Japan Comparison</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Workers with disabilities in Indonesia continue to face legal, structural, and social barriers to obtaining and maintaining employment in the formal sector, despite a legal framework that recognizes equal employment rights and freedom from discrimination. These barriers include fragmented regulations, weak institutional coordination, limited accessibility, inadequate workplace support, weak monitoring, and inconsistent enforcement. This study aims to analyze the legal implementation of disability employment protection in Indonesia through secondary evidence and to identify legal and institutional factors affecting its operation, while comparing Indonesia’s legal and institutional mechanisms with those of Japan. This normative-juridical study employs a comparative approach to relevant legislation, international legal instruments, policy documents, official reports, available data, and academic literature. The findings indicate that the main challenge lies not in the absence of legal recognition but in the limited operationalization of legal norms, weak oversight capacity, and inconsistent enforcement mechanisms. The comparison shows that Japan combines statutory protection with more developed administrative mechanisms, including employment reporting, reasonable accommodation guidance, and incentive-based compliance measures. The study concludes that strengthening disability employment protection in Indonesia requires clearer operational standards, stronger institutional coordination and oversight, more consistent enforcement, and contextual adaptation of relevant comparative practices. The study contributes to understanding how the protection of workers with disabilities depends not only on normative recognition but also on the institutional and administrative mechanisms that translate legal rights into effective protection.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lsr/article/view/35803</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/lsr.v6i1.35803</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): January-June, 2026; 101-138</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2807-8683</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2807-8225</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/lsr.v6i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/lsr/article/view/35803/11812</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>