Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Open access Journal

Strengthening Legal Certainty of Marriage Contract (Ijab Kabul ) via Telecommunications in the Digital Era and Its Alignment with Sustainable Development Goal: Case of Indonesia

Pandecta Research Law Journal · Vol. 20 No. 1 (2025) · pp. 102–139

DOI
10.15294/pandecta.v20i1.13645
ISSN
2337-5418, 1907-8919
Published
2025-06-16
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

This research investigates the legal implications and challenges of adapting ijab kabul (Islamic marriage contract) to the digital era in Indonesia. The rise of telecommunications technologies—especially video calls—has enabled remote marriages during the COVID-19 pandemic and in geographically separated contexts. While digital ijab kabul offers efficiency and broader access, questions persist regarding its legal validity, potential for fraud, and regulatory ambiguity. Currently, Indonesia’s Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 requires physical presence for marriage to be legally valid. However, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) has issued a fatwa allowing digital ijab kabul under specific conditions: real-time audiovisual communication, verified identities, and a shared session (ittihad al-majlis). These criteria demonstrate partial acceptance of digital presence under Islamic law, yet lack binding legal force. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes statutory law, Islamic legal doctrines, and international comparisons with countries like Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. These nations have developed legal frameworks for digital marriage by enforcing identity verification (biometrics, e-signatures) and procedural integrity. The study proposes that Indonesia revise Article 26 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) to explicitly recognize digital ijab kabul, harmonizing it with Law No. 11/2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law). By formally acknowledging digital presence within ittihad al-majlis, Indonesia can ensure greater legal certainty and protect vulnerable parties. This legal reform supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 by promoting access to justice, enhancing legal institutions, and fostering trust in digital innovations within religious and civil legal systems.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

24 authors · 62 co-authorship links

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon
  • University of Mataram
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Yusriyadi YusriyadiAffiliation unknown2
Dian LatifianiAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad Habib Al FikryAffiliation unknown1
Mohammad Nur CholisAffiliation unknown1
Abdul Muizz Abdul WadudIAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon1
Akhmad KhalimyAffiliation unknown1
Syahruddin SyahruddinAffiliation unknown1
Budi SantosoUniversity of Mataram1
Nurul FibriantiAffiliation unknown1
Yuli RindyawatiAffiliation unknown1
DwijantoAffiliation unknown1
Masrukan -Affiliation unknown1
Kholifatul MunaAffiliation unknown1
Nurdeng DeurasehAffiliation unknown1
Allya Shifa AkhsantyAffiliation unknown1
Muthia Eka DestyanaAffiliation unknown1
Anisah NovitaraniAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/pandecta/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Strengthening Legal Certainty of Marriage Contract (Ijab Kabul ) via Telecommunications in the Digital Era and Its Alignment with Sustainable Development Goal : Case of Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muhyidin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Setyawan, Budi </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">mohiddin, Mas nooraini hj </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Setyowati, Ro’fah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Musyafah, Aisyah Ayu </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sarono, Agus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Islamiyati</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Digital Ijab Kabul</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Islamic Marriage Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Reform </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">SDG 16</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">


This research investigates the legal implications and challenges of adapting ijab kabul (Islamic marriage contract) to the digital era in Indonesia. The rise of telecommunications technologies—especially video calls—has enabled remote marriages during the COVID-19 pandemic and in geographically separated contexts. While digital ijab kabul offers efficiency and broader access, questions persist regarding its legal validity, potential for fraud, and regulatory ambiguity. Currently, Indonesia’s Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 requires physical presence for marriage to be legally valid. However, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) has issued a fatwa allowing digital ijab kabul under specific conditions: real-time audiovisual communication, verified identities, and a shared session (ittihad al-majlis). These criteria demonstrate partial acceptance of digital presence under Islamic law, yet lack binding legal force. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes statutory law, Islamic legal doctrines, and international comparisons with countries like Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. These nations have developed legal frameworks for digital marriage by enforcing identity verification (biometrics, e-signatures) and procedural integrity. The study proposes that Indonesia revise Article 26 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) to explicitly recognize digital ijab kabul, harmonizing it with Law No. 11/2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law). By formally acknowledging digital presence within ittihad al-majlis, Indonesia can ensure greater legal certainty and protect vulnerable parties. This legal reform supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 by promoting access to justice, enhancing legal institutions, and fostering trust in digital innovations within religious and civil legal systems.


</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-06-16</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/pandecta/article/view/13645</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/pandecta.v20i1.13645</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Pandecta Research Law Journal; Vol. 20 No. 1 (2025): June, 2025; 102-139</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2337-5418</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1907-8919</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/pandecta.v20i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/pandecta/article/view/13645/4417</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Muhyidin, Budi  Setyawan, Mas nooraini hj  mohiddin, Ro’fah Setyowati, Aisyah Ayu  Musyafah, Agus Sarono, Islamiyati (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>