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The Relationship Between Psychosocial Stressors and Burnout in Football Referees in Bandung City

ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation · Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025) · pp. 923–930

DOI
10.15294/active.v14i3.35499
ISSN
2460-724X, 2252-6773
Published
2025-10-31
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Football referees play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and smooth running of matches, yet they frequently face social and emotional pressure from players, coaches, and spectators, which can trigger psychosocial stressors. Environmental pressure and repeated verbal or physical aggression can potentially lead to emotional exhaustion and burnout, ultimately impacting the referee's psychological well-being and performance on the field. This study aims to analyze the relationship between psychosocial stressors, including environmental pressure and aggression, and burnout levels among football referees in Bandung. The research approach used was a quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional design. The results showed that environmental pressure had a significant positive relationship with emotional exhaustion (ρ= 0.666; p < 0.01) and cynicism (ρ= 0.400; p < 0.01). In addition, aggression is also significantly related to emotional exhaustion (ρ= 0.388; p < 0.01), but was not related to professional efficacy (ρ= 0.062; p = 0.671). These findings indicate that the higher the social pressure and aggression experienced, the greater the likelihood of referees experiencing burnout, especially in the emotional dimension. Therefore, psychological counseling programs, stress management training, and ongoing social support are needed for referees to maintain their mental well-being and professionalism.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 124 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Septian WilliyantoAffiliation unknown4
Mustika FitriAffiliation unknown3
Yudha Munajat SaputraAffiliation unknown3
Amung Ma’munAffiliation unknown2
HidayatAffiliation unknown2
Sri WicahyaniAffiliation unknown2
Wildan Alfia NugrohoAffiliation unknown2
Miftah RahmanState University of Semarang1
Iwa Ihkwan HidayatAffiliation unknown1
Aang MeiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Deris MaulanaAffiliation unknown1
Mokhamad ParmadiAffiliation unknown1
Agus RusdianaAffiliation unknown1
Iman ImanudinAffiliation unknown1
Iwa Ikhwan HidayatAffiliation unknown1
Tono HaryonoAffiliation unknown1
Nur Rika HasanahAffiliation unknown1
Hutkemri ZulnaidiAffiliation unknown1
Femia RahmahsariAffiliation unknown1
Hilmi ApriadyAffiliation unknown1
Hilmy ApriadyAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad FedrianAffiliation unknown1
Nor Eeza Zainal AbidinAffiliation unknown1
Aldiansyah AldiansyahAffiliation unknown1
Adang SuhermanAffiliation unknown1
AfridawatiAffiliation unknown1
Sandey Tantra ParamithaAffiliation unknown1
NuryadiAffiliation unknown1
Ari PurnomoAffiliation unknown1
Fanisa Nurul WidhiAffiliation unknown1
NasrulAffiliation unknown1
Yati RuhyatiAffiliation unknown1
Finaldhi PalgunadhiAffiliation unknown1
Mahesa AgustiraAffiliation unknown1
Faqih HidayatAffiliation unknown1
Herman SubarjahAffiliation unknown1
Diftha Nusa Al fitraAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Relationship Between Psychosocial Stressors and Burnout in Football Referees in Bandung City</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ghaly Qori Mubaroq</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nurlan Kusmaedi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Syam Hardwis</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Aggression; Burnout; Gatepsychosocial Stressors; Environmental Pressure; Football Referee </dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Football referees play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and smooth running of matches, yet they frequently face social and emotional pressure from players, coaches, and spectators, which can trigger psychosocial stressors. Environmental pressure and repeated verbal or physical aggression can potentially lead to emotional exhaustion and burnout, ultimately impacting the referee's psychological well-being and performance on the field. This study aims to analyze the relationship between psychosocial stressors, including environmental pressure and aggression, and burnout levels among football referees in Bandung. The research approach used was a quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional design. The results showed that environmental pressure had a significant positive relationship with emotional exhaustion (ρ= 0.666; p &amp;lt; 0.01) and cynicism (ρ= 0.400; p &amp;lt; 0.01). In addition, aggression is also significantly related to emotional exhaustion (ρ= 0.388; p &amp;lt; 0.01), but was not related to professional efficacy (ρ= 0.062; p = 0.671). These findings indicate that the higher the social pressure and aggression experienced, the greater the likelihood of referees experiencing burnout, especially in the emotional dimension. Therefore, psychological counseling programs, stress management training, and ongoing social support are needed for referees to maintain their mental well-being and professionalism.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr/article/view/35499</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/active.v14i3.35499</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation; Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025); 923 - 930</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-724X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6773</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/active.v14i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr/article/view/35499/6562</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>