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The Effect of Modified Volkraw Games on the Learning Outcomes of Fifth Grade Elementary School Students

ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation · Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 559–564

DOI
10.15294/active.v15i2.48487
ISSN
2460-724X, 2252-6773
Published
2026-05-19
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

The study was motivated by the low ability of students to perform basic volleyball skills, especially the underhand pass, which is influenced by a learning process that tends to be less varied and less engaging. Therefore, an innovation in learning is needed through simpler and more enjoyable game modifications suited to elementary school students. This study aims to examine the effect of modified Volkraw games on the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at Sekaran State Elementary School 02 in Physical Education, particularly in volleyball material. This research employed a quantitative experimental approach using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The participants consisted of 20 fifth-grade students of Sekaran State Elementary School 02. The instrument used was a learning outcomes assessment sheet covering psychomotor, cognitive, and affective aspects. Data were collected through tests and observations, then analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, including normality and homogeneity tests, as well as hypothesis testing with a paired-samples t-test. The results showed that the average pretest score was 20.90, which increased to 32.20 in the posttest. The paired-samples t-test produced a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that the modification of the Volkraw game had a significant effect on students’ learning outcomes. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of modified Volkraw games is effective in improving volleyball learning.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 124 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Tri NurharsonoAffiliation unknown4
Nasuka NasukaAffiliation unknown4
Rumini RuminiAffiliation unknown4
Ranu Baskora Aji PutraAffiliation unknown3
Tri RustiadiAffiliation unknown3
Tandiyo RahayuAffiliation unknown3
Setya RahayuAffiliation unknown3
Sri SumartiningsihAffiliation unknown3
Cahyo YuwonoAffiliation unknown2
Adi SAffiliation unknown2
SulaimanAffiliation unknown2
Dwi Tiga PutriAffiliation unknown2
Roas IrsyadaAffiliation unknown2
Ahmad Fahmi HidayatullahAffiliation unknown2
Sugiharto SugihartoAffiliation unknown2
Mugiyo HartonoAffiliation unknown2
Endang Sri HananiAffiliation unknown2
Fajar HawariAffiliation unknown1
Billy CastyanaAffiliation unknown1
Moch Fahmi AbdulazizAffiliation unknown1
Daffa Tryan WidiartoAffiliation unknown1
Imam MahfudzAffiliation unknown1
Ari Mukti PamungkasAffiliation unknown1
Firman EfendiAffiliation unknown1
Nur Rizal AmanullahAffiliation unknown1
Dwi Tiga PutriAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad RifantofanaAffiliation unknown1
Dwi Gansar Santi WijayantiAffiliation unknown1
Refi Mauliana UlyasariAffiliation unknown1
Fery DarmantoAffiliation unknown1
Bayu Aji SantosoAffiliation unknown1
Falih AkmalAffiliation unknown1
Aulia SofinnidaAffiliation unknown1
Nikcyta Kumala PuspaAffiliation unknown1
Damar Adi SusetyoAffiliation unknown1
Krisna MuktiAffiliation unknown1
Ika Latvia Widya PangestikaAffiliation unknown1
Danti PutriAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Effect of Modified Volkraw Games on the Learning Outcomes of Fifth Grade Elementary School Students</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Firmansyah, Lukman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wahyudi, Agung</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">game modification</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">volkraw</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">volleyball</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The study was motivated by the low ability of students to perform basic volleyball skills, especially the underhand pass, which is influenced by a learning process that tends to be less varied and less engaging. Therefore, an innovation in learning is needed through simpler and more enjoyable game modifications suited to elementary school students. This study aims to examine the effect of modified Volkraw games on the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at Sekaran State Elementary School 02 in Physical Education, particularly in volleyball material. This research employed a quantitative experimental approach using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The participants consisted of 20 fifth-grade students of Sekaran State Elementary School 02. The instrument used was a learning outcomes assessment sheet covering psychomotor, cognitive, and affective aspects. Data were collected through tests and observations, then analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, including normality and homogeneity tests, as well as hypothesis testing with a paired-samples t-test. The results showed that the average pretest score was 20.90, which increased to 32.20 in the posttest. The paired-samples t-test produced a significance value of 0.000 (p &amp;lt; 0.05), indicating that the modification of the Volkraw game had a significant effect on students’ learning outcomes. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of modified Volkraw games is effective in improving volleyball learning.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-05-19</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr/article/view/48487</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/active.v15i2.48487</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation; Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026); 559-564</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-724X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6773</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/active.v15i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr/article/view/48487/9761</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>