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Journal

Development of a Ball Return Device for Free Throw Practice in Basketball

ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation · Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 1106–1116

DOI
10.15294/active.v15i2.49830
ISSN
2460-724X, 2252-6773
Published
2026-06-22
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

This research developed a modified PVC-based ball return device to optimize self-directed free throw practice in basketball. Using the Research and Devel-opment (RnD) method, product feasibility was evaluated through expert valida-tion a dual scale user trail involving Sports Coaching Education students. The expert validation yielded an overall score 540 points (90%), categorizing the de-vice as highly feasible. Structurally, the design and construction aspect scored 86%, while functional capability and safety-durability achieved 91% and 94%, respectively. Empirical testing demonstrated significant quality improvement, with small-scale scores rising consistently across all aspect to reach 80% (de-sign), 82% (function), 83% (safety) in the large-scale trial. Validator suggested adding front netting to catch erratic rebounds and guide a higher parabolic shooting arc. In conclusion, this affordable, portable, tool is highly viable for accelerating shooting repetition and athlete’s performance.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 114 co-authorship links · 6 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Universitas Jambi
  • Sriwijaya University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Sungkowo SungkowoAffiliation unknown3
Margono MargonoAffiliation unknown2
Imam Suwardi WibowoAffiliation unknown2
Hary Soedarto HarjonoAffiliation unknown2
Herman Dwi SurjonoAffiliation unknown2
Ade KumalasariUniversitas Jambi1
Mohamad IlhamiUniversitas Jambi1
Siti AmanahUniversitas Jambi1
Sophia RahmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Duano Sapta NusantaraSriwijaya University1
Erisa KurniatiUniversitas Jambi1
Suci HayatiUniversitas Jambi1
S.A. Sifa ImtihanAffiliation unknown1
Mokhammad Dedik SAffiliation unknown1
Novan Farid MaghfuriAffiliation unknown1
Irvan KurniawanAffiliation unknown1
Fitria EkariniAffiliation unknown1
Dwi Mustika SariAffiliation unknown1
Ivory ChistiyahAffiliation unknown1
Nizar Mahfudz Azkal AzkiyaAffiliation unknown1
Rizam Ahada Ulin NuhaAffiliation unknown1
Supriyatno SupriyatnoAffiliation unknown1
Ghozalia Rana NabilaAffiliation unknown1
Anindya Putri AdhistyAffiliation unknown1
Daviq Mihal MaulanaAffiliation unknown1
Adiska Rani Ditya CandraAffiliation unknown1
Rizam Ahada Nur UlinnuhaAffiliation unknown1
Febriana Wahyu WijayantiAffiliation unknown1
Suratman SuratmanAffiliation unknown1
Mohammad Kamal FauziAffiliation unknown1
Anggit WicaksonoAffiliation unknown1
Rubianto HadiAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Khaniful KolbiAffiliation unknown1
Purwono Sidik PermonoAffiliation unknown1
Soedjatmiko SoedjatmikoAffiliation unknown1
Cahyo JayantoAffiliation unknown1
Ilmiyah IlmiyahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Development of a Ball Return Device for Free Throw Practice in Basketball</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kesaulya, Christo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Priyanto, Priyanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Karjadi, Moch. Senoadji</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ball Return</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Free Throw</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Basketball</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Research and Development</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">PVC Pipe</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This research developed a modified PVC-based ball return device to optimize self-directed free throw practice in basketball. Using the Research and Devel-opment (RnD) method, product feasibility was evaluated through expert valida-tion a dual scale user trail involving Sports Coaching Education students. The expert validation yielded an overall score 540 points (90%), categorizing the de-vice as highly feasible. Structurally, the design and construction aspect scored 86%, while functional capability and safety-durability achieved 91% and 94%, respectively. Empirical testing demonstrated significant quality improvement, with small-scale scores rising consistently across all aspect to reach 80% (de-sign), 82% (function), 83% (safety) in the large-scale trial. Validator suggested adding front netting to catch erratic rebounds and guide a higher parabolic shooting arc. In conclusion, this affordable, portable, tool is highly viable for accelerating shooting repetition and athlete’s performance.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-06-22</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr/article/view/49830</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/active.v15i2.49830</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation; Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026); 1106-1116</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-724X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6773</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/active.v15i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr/article/view/49830/10204</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>