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Association between Gastritis and Duodenitis with the Incidence of Hypertension in Semarang City

Public Health Perspective Journal · Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 76–84

DOI
10.15294/phpj.v10i1.20478
ISSN
2540-7945, 2528-5998
Published
2026-06-12
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

The prevalence rate in Semarang City has not yet reached the global SDG 2025 target of a 25% reduction (WHO, 2023). Hypertension is often referred to as a “silent killer” because its early symptoms are rarely noticeable, leading many individuals to be unaware of their condition until complications such as gastritis and duodenitis occur. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological patterns of hypertension and gastritis and duodenitis, as well as the association between these conditions and hypertension incidence. This quantitative research uses a nested case-control design with SIMPUS data from Semarang City from 2020–2022, involving 220,093 patients, consisting of 21,639 cases and 198,032 controls. The dependent variable was hypertension, while gastritis and duodenitis served as independent variables. Univariate and bivariate (chi-square) analyses were performed. The results show that hypertension was more common in women (27,709 patients) and highest in the 50–59 age group, while gastritis and duodenitis were also more frequent in women (25,042 patients), peaking in the 20–29 age group. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between gastritis and duodenitis and hypertension. Among males, the highest risk occurred in the 70–79 age group, with an OR of 2.76 (95% CI: 2.62–2.89), while among females, the highest risk was observed in the 80–89 age group, with an OR of 3.32 (95% CI: 3.08–3.57). The Semarang City Health Office is recommended to strengthen hypertension prevention by prioritizing early screening for gastritis and duodenitis in high-risk older adults.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 127 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Widya Hary CahyatiAffiliation unknown7
Ari YuniastutiState University of Semarang6
Oktia Woro Kasmini HandayaniState University of Semarang6
Yuni WijayantiAffiliation unknown4
Hanif Pandu SuhitoAffiliation unknown4
Tandiyo RahayuAffiliation unknown4
RR. Sri Ratna RahayuAffiliation unknown3
Arulita Ika FibrianaAffiliation unknown3
Irwan BudionoAffiliation unknown3
Muhamad Zakki SaefurrohimAffiliation unknown3
Usman IqbalAffiliation unknown3
Fitri IndrawatiAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad AzinarAffiliation unknown2
Luqman AlwiAffiliation unknown2
Nadiya Arawinda AndarAffiliation unknown2
Evi WidowatiAffiliation unknown2
Intan ZainafreeAffiliation unknown2
Bambang Budi RaharjoAffiliation unknown2
Sri Ratna RahayuAffiliation unknown2
Nurul Dwi AstutiAffiliation unknown1
Nur Lissa UtamiAffiliation unknown1
Trinanda Agustina Sapta NingrumAffiliation unknown1
Lukman FauziAffiliation unknown1
Alfiana Ainun NisaAffiliation unknown1
Silvie Sasria MaharaniAffiliation unknown1
Dani MiarsoAffiliation unknown1
Meilinda Ayu SaputriAffiliation unknown1
Mala RizqiyaAffiliation unknown1
Sholikun SholikunAffiliation unknown1
Agtika Yasyfa Nur AzizahAffiliation unknown1
Siti Endah WahyuningsihAffiliation unknown1
Lina ShofiyanahAffiliation unknown1
Dhita Aulia FerdianiAffiliation unknown1
Sugiharto SugihartoAffiliation unknown1
Gisela Habibah AisyahAffiliation unknown1
Sungkowo SungkowoAffiliation unknown1
Bambang WidjanarkoAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/phpj/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Association between Gastritis and Duodenitis with the Incidence of Hypertension in Semarang City</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ilmi, Yhoaninda Nurul </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Azam,  Mahalul </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hypertension</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gastritis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Duodenitis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Comorbidities </dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The prevalence rate in Semarang City has not yet reached the global SDG 2025 target of a 25% reduction (WHO, 2023). Hypertension is often referred to as a “silent killer” because its early symptoms are rarely noticeable, leading many individuals to be unaware of their condition until complications such as gastritis and duodenitis occur. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological patterns of hypertension and gastritis and duodenitis, as well as the association between these conditions and hypertension incidence. This quantitative research uses a nested case-control design with SIMPUS data from Semarang City from 2020–2022, involving 220,093 patients, consisting of 21,639 cases and 198,032 controls. The dependent variable was hypertension, while gastritis and duodenitis served as independent variables. Univariate and bivariate (chi-square) analyses were performed. The results show that hypertension was more common in women (27,709 patients) and highest in the 50–59 age group, while gastritis and duodenitis were also more frequent in women (25,042 patients), peaking in the 20–29 age group. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between gastritis and duodenitis and hypertension. Among males, the highest risk occurred in the 70–79 age group, with an OR of 2.76 (95% CI: 2.62–2.89), while among females, the highest risk was observed in the 80–89 age group, with an OR of 3.32 (95% CI: 3.08–3.57). The Semarang City Health Office is recommended to strengthen hypertension prevention by prioritizing early screening for gastritis and duodenitis in high-risk older adults.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-06-12</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/phpj/article/view/20478</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/phpj.v10i1.20478</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Public Health Perspective Journal; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026); 76-84</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-7945</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-5998</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/phpj.v10i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/phpj/article/view/20478/10094</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Public Health Perspective Journal</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>