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Aerodynamic Performance Enhancement of Electric Vehicles Using Selig 1223 Airfoil Wing-Type Spoiler: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

Rekayasa · Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024) · pp. 71–83

DOI
10.15294/rekayasa.v22i2.25166
ISSN
2527-6964, 0216-6631
Published
2024-12-31
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

The performance of electric vehicles (EVs) is significantly influenced by aerodynamic forces, which directly affect energy consumption and vehicle stability. One of the main challenges in this regard is the increase in lift and drag forces at higher speeds, which compromises efficiency and handling. This study investigates the impact of a wing type rear spoiler, designed using the Selig 1223 airfoil, on the aerodynamic behavior of EVs. A comparative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was conducted on two vehicle models: one without a spoiler and another equipped with the Selig 1223 spoiler mounted at a 15° angle of attack. Both models were tested under five speed conditions ranging from 40 to 120 km/h. The simulation results demonstrated a notable improvement in aerodynamic performance. The spoiler produced an average reduction in the lift coefficient (Cl) of approximately 110%, while the drag coefficient (Cd) showed only a slight increase, with the highest recorded rise being 13.3% at 120 km/h. Pressure distribution analysis revealed a substantial increase in static pressure at the rear of the vehicle (Point P3), rising from 37.47 Pa to 660.859 Pa, indicating enhanced downforce. Additionally, streamline and velocity contour plots confirmed improved airflow regulation and reduced turbulence behind the vehicle when the spoiler was installed. These findings indicate that the Selig 1223 airfoil spoiler effectively enhances EV stability and safety with minimal aerodynamic penalties, making it a promising aerodynamic enhancement for future electric vehicle designs.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

35 authors · 96 co-authorship links

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Rizqi Fitri NaryantoAffiliation unknown2
Fiqri Fadillah FahmiAffiliation unknown2
Widya Hary CahyatiAffiliation unknown1
Natalia Desy PutriningtyasAffiliation unknown1
Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika PrajantiState University of Semarang1
Herlin PujiartiAffiliation unknown1
Markus DiantoroAffiliation unknown1
Prihatini RetnaningsihAffiliation unknown1
Lee Sang WonAffiliation unknown1
Nauval Wildan FachreziAffiliation unknown1
Dwi FajarAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Haris ShidiqAffiliation unknown1
Raditya Dharma SaputraAffiliation unknown1
Rajasa Wido MahendraAffiliation unknown1
Dimas TrisnawanAffiliation unknown1
Suwandi MarwotoAffiliation unknown1
I Wayan Adi WidyarsaAffiliation unknown1
Godham Eko SaputroAffiliation unknown1
Sunyoto SunyotoAffiliation unknown1
Wara Dyah Pita RenggaAffiliation unknown1
Irawaty IrawatyAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Yusuf WibowoAffiliation unknown1
Andi Abdullah GhyferiAffiliation unknown1
Joung Hyoung ChoAffiliation unknown1
Widya AryadiAffiliation unknown1
Indra Nurul HidayatAffiliation unknown1
Karnowo KarnowoAffiliation unknown1
Juwita Ria RumondangAffiliation unknown1
Fedrik Immanuel RumapeaAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad Khusom KurniawanAffiliation unknown1
Anwar Widjaya KusumaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/rekayasa/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Aerodynamic Performance Enhancement of Electric Vehicles Using Selig 1223 Airfoil Wing-Type Spoiler: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fajar Rizqi Sandi Pratama</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Aldias Bahatmaka</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Amin, Muklis</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hyung, Cho Joung </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">computational fluid dynamics</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">downforce</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">spoiler design</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">streamline</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">vehicle safety</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The performance of electric vehicles (EVs) is significantly influenced by aerodynamic forces, which directly affect energy consumption and vehicle stability. One of the main challenges in this regard is the increase in lift and drag forces at higher speeds, which compromises efficiency and handling. This study investigates the impact of a wing type rear spoiler, designed using the Selig 1223 airfoil, on the aerodynamic behavior of EVs. A comparative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was conducted on two vehicle models: one without a spoiler and another equipped with the Selig 1223 spoiler mounted at a 15° angle of attack. Both models were tested under five speed conditions ranging from 40 to 120 km/h. The simulation results demonstrated a notable improvement in aerodynamic performance. The spoiler produced an average reduction in the lift coefficient (Cl) of approximately 110%, while the drag coefficient (Cd) showed only a slight increase, with the highest recorded rise being 13.3% at 120 km/h. Pressure distribution analysis revealed a substantial increase in static pressure at the rear of the vehicle (Point P3), rising from 37.47 Pa to 660.859 Pa, indicating enhanced downforce. Additionally, streamline and velocity contour plots confirmed improved airflow regulation and reduced turbulence behind the vehicle when the spoiler was installed. These findings indicate that the Selig 1223 airfoil spoiler effectively enhances EV stability and safety with minimal aerodynamic penalties, making it a promising aerodynamic enhancement for future electric vehicle designs.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/rekayasa/article/view/25166</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/rekayasa.v22i2.25166</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Rekayasa; Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024); 71-83</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2527-6964</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0216-6631</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/rekayasa/article/view/25166/4802</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2024 Rekayasa : Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi dan Pembelajaran</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>