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Synergistic Enhancement of Lignocellulosic Biomass Saccharification via Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment with Magnetic Fe₃O₄

Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi · Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 75–87

DOI
10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2.41061
ISSN
2527-3604, 0216-4566
Published
2025-12-31
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

The recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass necessitates efficient pretreatment strategies to enhance enzymatic saccharification for biofuel production. This study investigates a synergistic approach combining ultrasound irradiation with magnetic Fe₃O₄ for pretreating rice straw. A 2² factorial experimental design was employed to systematically evaluate the individual and combined effects of ultrasound (300 W, 30 min) and Fe₃O₄ addition (1.5 wt%). The combined treatment exhibited a pronounced synergistic effect, achieving 68.3% delignification and reducing the crystallinity index from 52.4% to 31.2%. These structural modifications resulted in a saccharification yield of 72.5%, which was significantly higher than the theoretical additive yield of 48.7% (raw: 18.5%, Fe₃O₄-only: 26.0%, ultrasound-only: 41.2%). SEM observations revealed extensive surface erosion, pore formation, and microfibril exposure after the combined pretreatment, while FTIR analysis confirmed substantial lignin removal. Furthermore, magnetic Fe₃O₄ demonstrated excellent magnetic separability, with a recovery efficiency higher than 95%, and maintained pretreatment performance over five reuse cycles with < 8% reduction in efficacy. Overall, this work presents a green, efficient, and economically promising pretreatment strategy based on synergistic ultrasound–magnetic Fe₃O₄ interactions, offering an effective pathway for enhancing lignocellulosic biomass saccharification and supporting the development of sustainable biorefinery processes.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 137 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Fisa SavantiAffiliation unknown4
Irene Nindita PradnyaAffiliation unknown4
Haniif PrasetiawanAffiliation unknown4
Maulida ZakiaAffiliation unknown3
Radenrara Dewi Artanti PutriAffiliation unknown3
Bayu TriwibowoAffiliation unknown3
Indrasukma PermanadewiAffiliation unknown2
Megawati MegawatiAffiliation unknown2
Moch Faizal RachmadiAffiliation unknown1
Catur Rini WidyastutiAffiliation unknown1
Ratna Dewi KusumaningtyasAffiliation unknown1
Nadya Alfa Cahaya ImaniAffiliation unknown1
Reni Ainun JannahAffiliation unknown1
Rizky IchwanAffiliation unknown1
Syifa Azzahra Putri S.Affiliation unknown1
Laila SyafitriAffiliation unknown1
Luluk IsaroyatiAffiliation unknown1
Megawati MegawatiAffiliation unknown1
Nisrina Hasna’ NabilAffiliation unknown1
Pratama Senapati Bagus HandokoAffiliation unknown1
Fitri Wahyuningtyas DestantriAffiliation unknown1
Adhika Bintang SyahputraAffiliation unknown1
Kakalia Putri AuralitaAffiliation unknown1
Achmad WikandaruAffiliation unknown1
Daffa Nur MuhammadAffiliation unknown1
Faatin Nisriinaa ZainAffiliation unknown1
Kharisma Ardhani Nur PratiwiAffiliation unknown1
Mochammad Choiril MunaAffiliation unknown1
Meci Aryani SaputriAffiliation unknown1
Khusnul Khairul NisaAffiliation unknown1
Dewi Selvia FardhyantiAffiliation unknown1
Megawati .Affiliation unknown1
Septian Eko PrasetyoAffiliation unknown1
Alyamida MarwahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/sainteknol/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Synergistic Enhancement of Lignocellulosic Biomass Saccharification via Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment with Magnetic Fe₃O₄</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hanif Ardhiansyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Astrilia Damayanti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Serlia Fitri Sadan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nurul Khusna</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Karenina Hakim</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lignocellulosic biomass</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ultrasound-assisted pretreatment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Magnetic Fe₃O₄</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Synergistic effect</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Saccharification</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biomass valorization</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass necessitates efficient pretreatment strategies to enhance enzymatic saccharification for biofuel production. This study investigates a synergistic approach combining ultrasound irradiation with magnetic Fe₃O₄ for pretreating rice straw. A 2² factorial experimental design was employed to systematically evaluate the individual and combined effects of ultrasound (300 W, 30 min) and Fe₃O₄ addition (1.5 wt%). The combined treatment exhibited a pronounced synergistic effect, achieving 68.3% delignification and reducing the crystallinity index from 52.4% to 31.2%. These structural modifications resulted in a saccharification yield of 72.5%, which was significantly higher than the theoretical additive yield of 48.7% (raw: 18.5%, Fe₃O₄-only: 26.0%, ultrasound-only: 41.2%). SEM observations revealed extensive surface erosion, pore formation, and microfibril exposure after the combined pretreatment, while FTIR analysis confirmed substantial lignin removal. Furthermore, magnetic Fe₃O₄ demonstrated excellent magnetic separability, with a recovery efficiency higher than 95%, and maintained pretreatment performance over five reuse cycles with &amp;lt; 8% reduction in efficacy. Overall, this work presents a green, efficient, and economically promising pretreatment strategy based on synergistic ultrasound–magnetic Fe₃O₄ interactions, offering an effective pathway for enhancing lignocellulosic biomass saccharification and supporting the development of sustainable biorefinery processes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/sainteknol/article/view/41061</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2.41061</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): December 2025; 75-87</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2527-3604</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0216-4566</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/sainteknol/article/view/41061/8497</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>