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Comparative Study of Legal Protection for Women Workers on Night Shifts (Between Indonesia and Germany)

Law Research Review Quarterly · Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025)

DOI
10.15294/llrq.v11i3.26002
ISSN
2716-3415
Published
2025-08-10
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

The increasing participation of women in the workforce, including night shifts, demands adequate legal protection. This study compares legal protections for female night shift workers in Indonesia and Germany using normative legal research with statutory and comparative approaches. Indonesian regulations, including Law No. 13 of 2003 and Ministerial Decree No. 224/MEN/2003, provide protection through limitations on night work, provision of nutritious food, and mandatory transportation. In Germany, laws such as the Mutterschutzgesetz, Arbeitszeitgesetz, and Arbeitsschutzgesetz emphasize preventive measures like medical assessments, work hour restrictions, and risk evaluations. The findings indicate that Germany offers more structured protection, particularly for pregnant or breastfeeding women, while Indonesia's implementation often faces challenges. Both countries have ratified CEDAW, but Germany has integrated international standards more comprehensively into national law. This study highlights the need for stronger enforcement and legal reform in Indonesia to ensure the rights and safety of female workers on night shifts are effectively protected.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 156 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Wahyu DwiantoAffiliation unknown5
Danang Sudarwoko AdiAffiliation unknown4
Rodiyah RodiyahAffiliation unknown3
Muhammad Azil MaskurAffiliation unknown3
Yusup AminAffiliation unknown3
Indah LutfiyaAffiliation unknown3
Winarsih WinarsihState University of Semarang2
Mutmainah Nur QoiriAffiliation unknown2
Rini FidiyaniAffiliation unknown2
Destika Santi Putri SarfitriAffiliation unknown2
Jamaluddin Jamal MuhsenAffiliation unknown2
Indah Sri UtariAffiliation unknown2
Diandra Preludio RamadaAffiliation unknown2
Putri Balqis Nuril HakimAffiliation unknown2
Ahmad Gelora MahardikaAffiliation unknown2
Ali MasyharAffiliation unknown2
Fitriani AbdiAffiliation unknown2
Salman AlfarisiAffiliation unknown2
Bayangsari WedhatamiAffiliation unknown2
Cindy Ayu PrasasiAffiliation unknown2
Dwi Ajias PramasariAffiliation unknown2
Titi KalimaAffiliation unknown2
Rohmah PariAffiliation unknown2
DjarwantoAffiliation unknown2
Listya Mustika DewiAffiliation unknown2
Raden Gunawan Hadi RahmantoAffiliation unknown2
Dyah Ayu AgustiningrumAffiliation unknown2
Imran Arra’d SofiantoAffiliation unknown2
Adik BahanawanAffiliation unknown2
Dimas TriwibowoAffiliation unknown2
Teguh DarmawanAffiliation unknown2
Martitah MartitahState University of Semarang1
Eko MukmintoState University of Semarang1
Bayangsari WedhatamiState University of Semarang1
Danu IbrahimAffiliation unknown1
Julinar Tyara Maharani PasaribuAffiliation unknown1
Aqila Acyuta EndrosavaAffiliation unknown1
Ubaidillah KamalAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Comparative Study of Legal Protection for Women Workers on Night Shifts (Between Indonesia and Germany)</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Silvia Ratna Anzani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ratih Damayanti </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Female workers, night shift, labor law, Indonesia, Germany</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en"> 
The increasing participation of women in the workforce, including night shifts, demands adequate legal protection. This study compares legal protections for female night shift workers in Indonesia and Germany using normative legal research with statutory and comparative approaches. Indonesian regulations, including Law No. 13 of 2003 and Ministerial Decree No. 224/MEN/2003, provide protection through limitations on night work, provision of nutritious food, and mandatory transportation. In Germany, laws such as the Mutterschutzgesetz, Arbeitszeitgesetz, and Arbeitsschutzgesetz emphasize preventive measures like medical assessments, work hour restrictions, and risk evaluations. The findings indicate that Germany offers more structured protection, particularly for pregnant or breastfeeding women, while Indonesia's implementation often faces challenges. Both countries have ratified CEDAW, but Germany has integrated international standards more comprehensively into national law. This study highlights the need for stronger enforcement and legal reform in Indonesia to ensure the rights and safety of female workers on night shifts are effectively protected.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-08-10</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/article/view/26002</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/llrq.v11i3.26002</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Law Research Review Quarterly; Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Various Issues on Law and Development</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2716-3415</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/llrq.v11i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/snh/article/view/26002/5653</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Law Research Review Quarterly</dc:rights>
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