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The influence of Allee effect, refugia, and alternative food on a three-species predator-prey model

Unnes Journal of Mathematics · Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024) · pp. 1–13

DOI
10.15294/ujm.v12i2.76820
ISSN
2460-5859, 2252-6943
Published
2024-06-03
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

This research presents a mathematical model for a three-species predator-prey system, incorporating the Allee effect, refugia, and alternative food. The interactions between prey and intermediate predator, as well as intermediate predator and top predator, are modeled using Holling type II response functions. The resulting system of nonlinear equations yields four equilibrium points, one unstable and three stable locally. Analytical calculations indicate that refugia and alternative food minimally affect the top predator's population growth, while the Allee effect influences the growth of prey and intermediate predator populations. Numerical simulations further support these findings, highlighting the nuanced impacts of these factors on the dynamics of the three-species system.

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 117 co-authorship links · 3 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Kartono KartonoUniversitas Airlangga7
Muhammad KharisAffiliation unknown4
Emi PujiastutiState University of Semarang4
Wardono WardonoAffiliation unknown3
Nuriana Rachmani DewiAffiliation unknown2
Endang Retno WinartiAffiliation unknown2
Mohammad AsikinAffiliation unknown2
Mita KonitaAffiliation unknown2
SITI NUR ALISYAHAffiliation unknown2
Iffah Sartika BuwonoAffiliation unknown2
Scolastika MarianiState University of Semarang2
Adi Nur CahyonoAffiliation unknown2
Sugianto SugiantoUniversitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar1
Dwi YuliantiState University of Semarang1
Siti Harnina BintariAffiliation unknown1
Sumliyah SumliyahAffiliation unknown1
Nyree AniAffiliation unknown1
Hendri HandokoAffiliation unknown1
Li Wei MingAffiliation unknown1
Sugiman SugimanAffiliation unknown1
Riza ArifudinState University of Semarang1
Rozak Ilham AdityaAffiliation unknown1
Bagus Surya MaulanaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Andi NugrohoAffiliation unknown1
alvioneta dinda herdianyAffiliation unknown1
Siti KholisohAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Ulin NuhaAffiliation unknown1
Zaidin AsyabahAffiliation unknown1
Adhitya HimawanAffiliation unknown1
Supriyono SupriyonoAffiliation unknown1
Isnaini RosyidaAffiliation unknown1
Lana Aristya AnggrainiAffiliation unknown1
Mustiko Rizki RamadhanAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad Julul ZamzamiAffiliation unknown1
Inandha Sukmawati RafiAffiliation unknown1
Lutfia Husna KhoirunnisaAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ujm/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The influence of Allee effect, refugia, and alternative food on a three-species predator-prey model</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Rohmatunnisa, Haya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Asih, Tri Sri Noor</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Waluya, Stevanus Budi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Safaatullah, Muhammad Fajar</dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">This research presents a mathematical model for a three-species predator-prey system, incorporating the Allee effect, refugia, and alternative food. The interactions between prey and intermediate predator, as well as intermediate predator and top predator, are modeled using Holling type II response functions. The resulting system of nonlinear equations yields four equilibrium points, one unstable and three stable locally. Analytical calculations indicate that refugia and alternative food minimally affect the top predator's population growth, while the Allee effect influences the growth of prey and intermediate predator populations. Numerical simulations further support these findings, highlighting the nuanced impacts of these factors on the dynamics of the three-species system.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/ujm/article/view/76820</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ujm.v12i2.76820</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Unnes Journal of Mathematics; Vol 12 No 2 (2023): Unnes Journal of Mathematics; 1-13</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-5859</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6943</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ujm.v12i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/ujm/article/view/76820/26760</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2023 Unnes Journal of Mathematics</dc:rights>
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