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Demand-side determinants of Indonesian palm oil exports to major destination countries: Evidence from India, China, and Pakistan

Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah · Vol. 12 No. 6 (2025) · pp. 515–526

DOI
10.22437/ppd.v12i6.40559
ISSN
2355-8520, 2338-4603
Published
2025-02-28
Publisher
Program Magister Ilmu Ekonomi Pascasarjana Universitas Jambi
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Palm oil is one of Indonesia’s leading export commodities and plays an important role in supporting export revenue and international trade performance. This study aims to analyze the development of Indonesian palm oil exports and examine the influence of gross domestic product (GDP), exchange rates, and population on Indonesian palm oil exports to its three major destination countries, namely India, China, and Pakistan, during the period 2012–2022. This study employed a quantitative approach using descriptive analysis and panel data regression. The findings show that Indonesian palm oil exports to the three destination countries fluctuated during the observation period, with India recording the highest average export value and Pakistan showing a stronger upward trend toward the end of the period. The regression results indicate that GDP and exchange rates have a positive and significant effect on Indonesian palm oil exports, while population has a significant negative effect. These findings suggest that destination-country macroeconomic conditions and price competitiveness play an important role in shaping Indonesia’s palm oil export performance. This study contributes to the international trade literature by providing comparative empirical evidence on the demand-side determinants of Indonesian palm oil exports across major destination countries. In addition, the findings offer practical insights for strengthening export competitiveness and developing export-oriented trade strategies in the global palm oil market.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 124 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Hasanuddin University
  • Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Rahma NurjanahAffiliation unknown14
Zamzami ZamzamiAffiliation unknown6
Arman DelisAffiliation unknown5
Amri AmirAffiliation unknown4
Nurhayani NurhayaniAffiliation unknown4
Rosmeli RosmeliAffiliation unknown4
Syamsurijal TanAffiliation unknown3
Parmadi ParmadiAffiliation unknown3
Haryadi HaryadiAffiliation unknown3
Syaparuddin SyaparuddinAffiliation unknown2
Yohanes Vyn AmzarAffiliation unknown2
Heriberta HeribertaAffiliation unknown2
Wahyuni WahyuniHasanuddin University1
Mukarramah MukarramahAffiliation unknown1
Fadly Elwa PAffiliation unknown1
Zulkifli AlamsyahAffiliation unknown1
Erwanto ErwantoAffiliation unknown1
Rudi SyafAffiliation unknown1
M. Syurya HidayatAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad AriansyahAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad FikriUniversitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta1
JUNAIDI JUNAIDIAffiliation unknown1
Mustika MustikaAffiliation unknown1
Jonni AliAffiliation unknown1
Rama Adi PutraAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad SafriAffiliation unknown1
Gafur GafurAffiliation unknown1
Meri DarlinaAffiliation unknown1
Yannizar YannizarAffiliation unknown1
Sigit IndrawijayaAffiliation unknown1
M Rachmad RAffiliation unknown1
Hajri Puja PratamaAffiliation unknown1
Sony Tian DhoraAffiliation unknown1
Nurul HarizaAffiliation unknown1
I Wayan SupartaAffiliation unknown1
Etik UmiyatiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/JES/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Demand-side determinants of Indonesian palm oil exports to major destination countries: Evidence from India, China, and Pakistan</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hodijah, Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Achmad, Erni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Emilia, Emilia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mustika, Candra</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Exchange rate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gross Domestic Product (GDP)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Palm oil exports</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Population</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Palm oil is one of Indonesia’s leading export commodities and plays an important role in supporting export revenue and international trade performance. This study aims to analyze the development of Indonesian palm oil exports and examine the influence of gross domestic product (GDP), exchange rates, and population on Indonesian palm oil exports to its three major destination countries, namely India, China, and Pakistan, during the period 2012–2022. This study employed a quantitative approach using descriptive analysis and panel data regression. The findings show that Indonesian palm oil exports to the three destination countries fluctuated during the observation period, with India recording the highest average export value and Pakistan showing a stronger upward trend toward the end of the period. The regression results indicate that GDP and exchange rates have a positive and significant effect on Indonesian palm oil exports, while population has a significant negative effect. These findings suggest that destination-country macroeconomic conditions and price competitiveness play an important role in shaping Indonesia’s palm oil export performance. This study contributes to the international trade literature by providing comparative empirical evidence on the demand-side determinants of Indonesian palm oil exports across major destination countries. In addition, the findings offer practical insights for strengthening export competitiveness and developing export-oriented trade strategies in the global palm oil market.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Program Magister Ilmu Ekonomi  Pascasarjana Universitas Jambi</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-02-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/JES/article/view/40559</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22437/ppd.v12i6.40559</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah; Vol. 12 No. 6 (2025): Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah; 515-526</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2355-8520</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-4603</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/JES/article/view/40559/24255</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Hodijah, Erni Achmad, Emilia Emilia, Candra Mustika</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>