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Relationship between serum matrix Metalloproteinase-9 levels and severity of multibacillary leprosy in patients aged 30 years and under

Proceedings Academic Universitas Jambi · Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025) · pp. 1041–1049

DOI
10.22437/proca.v1i2.50520
Published
2025-11-30
Publisher
LPPM Universitas Jambi
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Background: Leprosy presents a spectrum of immunological responses linked to pathological and clinical manifestations. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme involved in extracellular matrix degradation and inflammation, has been implicated in cellular immunity. However, the relationship between MMP-9 levels and bacterial load in multibacillary (MB) leprosy remains incompletely understood, particularly across different age groups. Objective: To analyze the relationship between serum MMP-9 levels and Bacterial Index (BI) severity in MB leprosy patients, stratified by age groups. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from October 2017 to September 2018 at Dr. Rivai Abdullah Leprosy Hospital and Sukajadi Community Health Center, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Thirty-two newly diagnosed or recurrent MB leprosy patients were enrolled via consecutive sampling. Serum MMP-9 levels were measured using ELISA, and disease severity was classified by BI ( 0.05). Conclusion: Lower serum MMP-9 levels in severe MB leprosy may reflect diminished cell-mediated immunity. The significant inverse relationship between MMP-9 and BI in younger patients suggests age-dependent immunological variations. These findings support MMP-9 as a potential biomarker for disease severity assessment in MB leprosy.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 285 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Universitas Jambi
  • Affiliation unknown
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Erny KusdiyahAffiliation unknown25
Armaidi DarmawanAffiliation unknown21
Rina Nofri EnisAffiliation unknown14
Anggelia PuspasariAffiliation unknown11
Huntari HarahapAffiliation unknown10
Citra MaharaniAffiliation unknown9
Nuriyah NuriyahAffiliation unknown8
Ima MariaAffiliation unknown8
Andika SulistiawanAffiliation unknown7
Nyimas Natasha Ayu ShafiraAffiliation unknown7
KamariyahAffiliation unknown6
Amelia Dwi FitriAffiliation unknown6
Ahmad SyauqyAffiliation unknown5
Mirna Marhami IskandarAffiliation unknown5
Lipinwati LipinwatiAffiliation unknown5
Herlambang HerlambangUniversitas Jambi4
AuroraAffiliation unknown4
Hasna DewiAffiliation unknown4
Rita HalimAffiliation unknown4
Susan TarawifaAffiliation unknown4
HaninaAffiliation unknown4
Esa Indah AyudiaAffiliation unknown4
Afifah AmatullahAffiliation unknown3
Fathnur Sani KasmadiAffiliation unknown3
HafizahAffiliation unknown3
FairuzAffiliation unknown3
YuliawatiAffiliation unknown3
Tia Wida Ekaputri HzAffiliation unknown3
Putri Sari WulandariAffiliation unknown3
Denok Tri HardiningsihAffiliation unknown2
Annissa DelfiraAffiliation unknown2
Nadir Putra Indra TariganAffiliation unknown2
Zahra Frizki AstyAffiliation unknown2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/PROCA/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Relationship between serum matrix Metalloproteinase-9 levels and severity of multibacillary leprosy in patients aged 30 years and under</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fitriyanti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Perkasa, Tengku Arief Buana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Aurora, Wahyu Indah Dewi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nastiti, Niken Irfa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ekaputri, Tia Wida</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pratiwi, Rini</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Istarini, Attiya</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Leprosy, multibacillary; matrix metalloproteinase 9; bacterial load; cell-mediated immunity; biomarkers; age factors</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Leprosy presents a spectrum of immunological responses linked to pathological and clinical manifestations. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme involved in extracellular matrix degradation and inflammation, has been implicated in cellular immunity. However, the relationship between MMP-9 levels and bacterial load in multibacillary (MB) leprosy remains incompletely understood, particularly across different age groups. Objective: To analyze the relationship between serum MMP-9 levels and Bacterial Index (BI) severity in MB leprosy patients, stratified by age groups. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from October 2017 to September 2018 at Dr. Rivai Abdullah Leprosy Hospital and Sukajadi Community Health Center, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Thirty-two newly diagnosed or recurrent MB leprosy patients were enrolled via consecutive sampling. Serum MMP-9 levels were measured using ELISA, and disease severity was classified by BI (&amp;lt;3 vs ≥3) using Slit Skin Smear. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with significance set at P&amp;lt;0.05. Results: Age group and marital status significantly influenced BI severity (P&amp;lt;0.05). Among patients aged &amp;lt;30 years, those with BI≥3 had significantly lower serum MMP-9 levels (2101.44±430.02 ng/L) compared to BI&amp;lt;3 (2621.57±469.37 ng/L; P=0.044). In patients aged ≥30 years, MMP-9 levels were lower in BI≥3 group (1770.19±477.21 ng/L vs 2068.67±550.58 ng/L), but this difference was not statistically significant (P&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: Lower serum MMP-9 levels in severe MB leprosy may reflect diminished cell-mediated immunity. The significant inverse relationship between MMP-9 and BI in younger patients suggests age-dependent immunological variations. These findings support MMP-9 as a potential biomarker for disease severity assessment in MB leprosy.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">LPPM Universitas Jambi</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/PROCA/article/view/50520</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22437/proca.v1i2.50520</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Proceedings Academic Universitas Jambi; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): The 6th Jambi Medicine and Health Science International Conference (JAMHESIC); 1041-1049</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.22437/proca.v1i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/PROCA/article/view/50520/22730</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Fitriyanti, Tengku Arief Buana Perkasa, Wahyu Indah Dewi Aurora, Annissa Delfira, Zahra Frizki Asty, Niken Irfa Nastiti, Tia Wida Ekaputri, Attiya Istarini</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>