Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Yang Berada Di Wilayah Perang

Abstract

English

This article discusses how to protect children who are in areas of armed conflict. Protection of children has been regulated in the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocols 1977, International Convention on The Rights of Childs 1989, Optional Protocol on Involvent of Children in Armed Conflict 2000. However, the parties to the conflict still violate the principle of distinction, the principle of limitation, the principle of balance, and the principles of protection that apply in international humanitarian law. In fact, Humanitarian Law prohibits civilians from being used as objects of violence and must be given protection from all matters relating to war. Meanwhile, combatants can be used as objects of violence during war, but they must still be given protection when they are prisoners of war. As a form of state responsibility, criminal sanctions and compensation need to be applied to ensure legal certainty and provide justice for the parties who are victims according to humanitarian law.

Indonesian

Artikel ini membahas bagaimana perlindungan terhadap anak-anak yang berada di wilayah konflik bersenjata. Perlindungan anak telah diatur pada Konvensi Jenewa 1949, Protokol Tambahan 1977, International Convention on The Rights of Childs 1989, Optional Protocol on Involvent of Children in Armed Conflict 2000. Namun, para pihak yang berkonflik masih melanggar prinsip pembedaan, prinsip pembatasan, prinsip keseimbangan, dan prinsip perlindungan yang berlaku dalam hukum humaniter internasional.  Padahal, Hukum Humaniter melarang penduduk sipil dijadikan sebagai objek kekerasan dan wajib diberikan perlindungan dari segala hal yang berkaitan dengan peperangan. Sedangkan kombatan dapat dijadikan objek kekerasan saat berperang tetapi tetap wajib diberikan perlindungan ketika menjadi tawanan perang. Sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab negara, maka sanksi pidana dan ganti rugi perlu diterapkan demi menjamin kepastian hukum dan memberikan keadilan bagi para pihak yang menjadi korban menurut hukum humaniter.

Keywords

• armed conflict
• geneva convention 1949
• humanitarian law
• konflik bersenjata
• hukum humaniter
• konvensi jenewa 1949