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Phytochemical Constituents and Hypoglycemic Effects of Bhee Fruit (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Extract in Diabetic Mice

Phytochemical Constituents and Hypoglycemic Effects of Bhee Fruit (Melastoma sp) Extract in Diabetic Animal Model

BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan · Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 232–246

DOI
10.22373/biotik.v14i2.34777
ISSN
2549-1768, 2337-9812
Published
2026-09-09
Publisher
Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

English

Diabetes is a chronic condition that cannot be cured, but it can be managed using synthetic or herbal hypoglycaemic agents. Herbal plants containing phytochemicals serve as an alternative treatment for diabetes due to their lower incidence of side effects. Bhee fruit (Melastoma malabathricum L.) is rich in antioxidants and has potential as a hypoglycaemic agent. This study aims to identify the phytochemical content qualitatively and quantitatively, and to test the effect of bhee fruit extract on blood glucose levels in a diabetic mice model. Qualitative identification was carried out using water, ethanol and methanol as solvents. Quantitative analysis was performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and gravimetry. The in vivo test involved 24 mice divided into six groups: normal control, metformin control, diabetic control, and three treatment groups with extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight over 28 days. The results showed that the aqueous solvent extracted the highest amount of bioactive components, including steroids, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and tannin. Furthermore, administration of the aqueous extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic mice, with the highest reduction at 400 mg/kg body weight (p<0.05). In conclusion, the aqueous extract of bhee fruit is effective as a hypoglycaemic agent in diabetic mice. Keyword: Antioxidants; Alloxan; Hyperglycemia; Secondary metabolites.

Indonesian

Diabetes merupakan penyakit yang tidak dapat disembuhkan, namun dapat dikendalikan. Penderita diabetes harus mengonsumsi obat atau suntikan insulin untuk mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah. Tanaman herbal merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dipilih masyarakat untuk pengendalian kadar glukosa darah karena dianggap memiliki efek samping yang lebih sedikit. Kandungan fitokimia dalam tanaman herbal dapat membantu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Buah bhee (Melastoma sp) adalah tanaman yang memiliki potensi antidiabetes karena kaya akan antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan fitokimia secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Identifikasi kualitatif menggunakan pelarut air, etanol, dan metanol untuk menentukan pelarut yang paling banyak menarik komponen bioaktif. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek ekstrak buah bhee terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada tikus diabetes. Metode penelitian terdiri dari identifikasi fitokimia kualitatif dilakukan berdasarkan perubahan warna dan secara kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-vis dan gravimetri. Eksperimen in vivo melibatkan 24 tikus, yang dibagi ke dalam enam kelompok berbeda: kontrol normal, kontrol obat, kontrol diabetes, dan P1 (dosis ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB), P2 (dosis ekstrak 200 mg/kgBB), serta P3 (dosis ekstrak 400 mg/kgBB). Ekstrak diberikan selama 28 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelarut air berhasil mengekstraksi komponen bioaktif terbanyak dari ekstrak buah Bhee. Komponen yang terdeteksi meliputi steroid, terpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, fenol.

Collaboration network of the authors

18 authors · 40 co-authorship links

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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Nastiti WijayantiAffiliation unknown1
E SuharyantoAffiliation unknown1
Agung Abadi KiswandonoAffiliation unknown1
Ni Luh Gede Ratna JuliasihAffiliation unknown1
Ferdian Dicky PermanaAffiliation unknown1
Ester ArisawatiAffiliation unknown1
Akmaludin AkmaludinAffiliation unknown1
Erene Gernaria SihombingAffiliation unknown1
Frisma HandayannaAffiliation unknown1
Linda Sari DewiAffiliation unknown1
Dermiyati DermiyatiAffiliation unknown1
Hendra PrasetiaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad Rizki Firdaus FasyaAffiliation unknown1
Vedelya IstighfaraAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/biotik/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Phytochemical Constituents and Hypoglycemic Effects of Bhee Fruit (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Extract in Diabetic Mice</dc:title>
	<dc:title xml:lang="id">Phytochemical Constituents and Hypoglycemic Effects of Bhee Fruit (Melastoma sp) Extract in Diabetic Animal Model</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">rinawati, Rinawati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">Rinawati, Rinawati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">Muhsin, Sri Wahyuni </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">Siregar, Siti Maisyaroh Fitri </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">Oktasari, Ade </dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Diabetes is a chronic condition that cannot be cured, but it can be managed using synthetic or herbal hypoglycaemic agents. Herbal plants containing phytochemicals serve as an alternative treatment for diabetes due to their lower incidence of side effects. Bhee fruit (Melastoma malabathricum L.) is rich in antioxidants and has potential as a hypoglycaemic agent. This study aims to identify the phytochemical content qualitatively and quantitatively, and to test the effect of bhee fruit extract on blood glucose levels in a diabetic mice model. Qualitative identification was carried out using water, ethanol and methanol as solvents. Quantitative analysis was performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and gravimetry. The in vivo test involved 24 mice divided into six groups: normal control, metformin control, diabetic control, and three treatment groups with extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight over 28 days. The results showed that the aqueous solvent extracted the highest amount of bioactive components, including steroids, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and tannin. Furthermore, administration of the aqueous extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic mice, with the highest reduction at 400 mg/kg body weight (p&amp;lt;0.05). In conclusion, the aqueous extract of bhee fruit is effective as a hypoglycaemic agent in diabetic mice.
Keyword: Antioxidants; Alloxan; Hyperglycemia; Secondary metabolites.</dc:description>
	<dc:description xml:lang="id">Diabetes merupakan penyakit yang tidak dapat disembuhkan, namun dapat dikendalikan. Penderita diabetes harus mengonsumsi obat atau suntikan insulin untuk mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah. Tanaman herbal merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dipilih masyarakat untuk pengendalian kadar glukosa darah karena dianggap memiliki efek samping yang lebih sedikit. Kandungan fitokimia dalam tanaman herbal dapat membantu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Buah bhee (Melastoma sp) adalah tanaman yang memiliki potensi antidiabetes karena kaya akan antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan fitokimia secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Identifikasi kualitatif menggunakan pelarut air, etanol, dan metanol untuk menentukan pelarut yang paling banyak menarik komponen bioaktif. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek ekstrak buah bhee terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada tikus diabetes. Metode penelitian terdiri dari identifikasi fitokimia kualitatif dilakukan berdasarkan perubahan warna dan secara kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-vis dan gravimetri. Eksperimen in vivo melibatkan 24 tikus, yang dibagi ke dalam enam kelompok berbeda: kontrol normal, kontrol obat, kontrol diabetes, dan P1 (dosis ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB), P2 (dosis ekstrak 200 mg/kgBB), serta P3 (dosis ekstrak 400 mg/kgBB). Ekstrak diberikan selama 28 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelarut air berhasil mengekstraksi komponen bioaktif terbanyak dari ekstrak buah Bhee. Komponen yang terdeteksi meliputi steroid, terpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, fenol.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-09</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/biotik/article/view/34777</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22373/biotik.v14i2.34777</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): JURNAL BIOTIK ; 232-246</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Biotik; Vol 14 No 2 (2026): JURNAL BIOTIK ; 232-246</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-1768</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2337-9812</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.22373/biotik.v14i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/biotik/article/view/34777/13447</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Rinawati rinawati, Sri Wahyuni  Muhsin, Siti Maisyaroh Fitri  Siregar, Ade  Oktasari</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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