Integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Local Communities as a Basis for Sustainable Conservation in the Leuser Ecosystem, Aceh

Abstract

The Leuser Ecosystem is one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots, facing massive pressure from deforestation and ecosystem degradation. This study examines the integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of local communities, particularly the Gayo community, as the foundation for sustainable conservation strategies. Using a qualitative approach through ethnobiology, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation, this study documents local knowledge systems encompassing the classification of wildlife, an understanding of ecological relationships between species, and customary land management practices. The research findings indicate that local communities possess in-depth knowledge of the behaviour and habitats of the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae), and the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus), which substantially complements formal scientific data. The system of protected forests (sacred forests) and traditional agricultural practices such as meremah have proven effective in maintaining habitat connectivity. The integration of PET into community-based conservation policies has the potential to significantly enhance the effectiveness of Leuser ecosystem conservation, whilst strengthening the knowledge sovereignty and rights of indigenous communities in the management of natural resources. Keyword: Traditional Ecological Knowledge; Leuser Ecosystem; Community-Based Conservation; Ethnobiology; Indigenous Communities of Aceh