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PISA and Sustainable Development Goals: Comparing Science Curricula in Secondary Schools in Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, and Canada in the Content Aspect Based on the PISA 2025 Framework

Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia · Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025)

DOI
10.15294/jpii.v14i4.34405
ISSN
2089-4392, 2339-1286
Published
2025-12-22
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Continuous curriculum updates are crucial for enhancing the quality of education, improving citizens' global competitiveness, and supporting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, particularly the goal of achieving quality education for all. International studies, such as PISA, have attracted many researchers interested in comparative curricula across PISA-participating countries. Unlike previous studies, this research compares the science curricula of Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, and Canada based on the science content tested in the PISA 2015, PISA 2021, and PISA 2025 frameworks. The method used in this study is content analysis. We searched for documents from the four countries on their respective Ministries of Education websites. After obtaining the documents, two researchers independently conducted the coding analysis. After that, the researchers validated the content analysis through inter-rater agreement. The results show that the science curricula of Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, and Canada do not specifically cover all content in the PISA 2015, PISA 2021, and PISA 2025 frameworks. Specifically, Singapore's curriculum documents do not cover Earth and Space System content, while Labrador, Alberta, and British Columbia cover all themes. The Indonesian science curriculum encompasses all themes assessed in PISA questions and the PISA 2025 framework, although it does not yet cover all topics. However, it remains challenging to pinpoint the reasons for the differences in PISA results among the four countries in this comparative study.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

10 authors · 29 co-authorship links · 10 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Mulawarman University
  • University of Groningen
  • Mahidol University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Shelly EfwindaMulawarman University2
Puardmi DamayantiMulawarman University2
M. SyamAffiliation unknown2
Octaviani MutmainahMulawarman University2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpii/oai, first harvested 29 Okt 2026, last seen 29 Okt 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">PISA and Sustainable Development Goals: Comparing Science Curricula in Secondary Schools in Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, and Canada in the Content Aspect Based on the PISA 2025 Framework</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hakim, Abdul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Safrudiannur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zahra, Ince Raudhiah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mannan, Muhammad Nur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sundari, P. D. </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Norsaputra, Ary</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Comparative Study</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Content</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Framework PISA 2025</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">curriculum Science</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Continuous curriculum updates are crucial for enhancing the quality of education, improving citizens' global competitiveness, and supporting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, particularly the goal of achieving quality education for all. International studies, such as PISA, have attracted many researchers interested in comparative curricula across PISA-participating countries. Unlike previous studies, this research compares the science curricula of Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, and Canada based on the science content tested in the PISA 2015, PISA 2021, and PISA 2025 frameworks. The method used in this study is content analysis. We searched for documents from the four countries on their respective Ministries of Education websites. After obtaining the documents, two researchers independently conducted the coding analysis. After that, the researchers validated the content analysis through inter-rater agreement. The results show that the science curricula of Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, and Canada do not specifically cover all content in the PISA 2015, PISA 2021, and PISA 2025 frameworks. Specifically, Singapore's curriculum documents do not cover Earth and Space System content, while Labrador, Alberta, and British Columbia cover all themes. The Indonesian science curriculum encompasses all themes assessed in PISA questions and the PISA 2025 framework, although it does not yet cover all topics. However, it remains challenging to pinpoint the reasons for the differences in PISA results among the four countries in this comparative study.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpii/article/view/34405</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpii.v14i4.34405</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia; Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025): December 2025</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-4392</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2339-1286</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpii.v14i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpii/article/view/34405/7730</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia</dc:rights>
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