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Effect of Different Papain Concentrations on Yield and Quality of Tuna Eye Oil

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan · Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 374–388

DOI
10.20473/jipk.v17i2.57637
ISSN
2528-0759, 2085-5842
Terbit
2025-01-07
Penerbit
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research Innovative Use of By-Products: The study explores the use of tuna eye by-products, a rich source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), to reduce reliance on imported fish oil and promote sustainable utilization of fishery waste. Enhanced Extraction Methodology: Enzymatic extraction using papain at optimal concentrations significantly improves the yield and quality of tuna eye oil, achieving up to six times higher yield compared to other methods. Nutritional and Quality Benefits: The extracted oil demonstrated low Index of Atherogenicity (IA) and Index of Thrombogenicity (IT), indicating its potential as a heart-healthy dietary supplement, with DHA and EPA concentrations well preserved. Environmental and Safety Advantages: The enzymatic process is solvent-free, minimizing environmental impact and ensuring consumer safety, while also addressing challenges posed by extended sample storage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Abstract Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a crucial omega-3 fatty acid, plays a vital role in neurodevelopment and cardiovascular health. Indonesia relies heavily on imported fish oil, despite its significant potential in underutilized by-products like tuna eyes. This study investigates the optimization of papain enzyme concentration for enzymatic extraction of DHA-rich oil from tuna eyes, aiming to enhance yield and maintain quality. Using 1% papain at 55°C for 1 hour, the optimized process achieved an oil yield of 8.59 ± 0.69%, six times higher than cold extraction without enzymes. The extracted oil exhibited high oxidative stability with low Index of Atherogenicity (IA: 0.38–0.40) and Index of Thrombogenicity (IT: 0.20–0.21), while DHA content remained well-preserved at 27.82%. This method also demonstrated the capability to maintain oil quality even after prolonged storage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to conventional methods, enzymatic extraction provides a sustainable and efficient alternative by reducing chemical solvent use, minimizing environmental impact, and maximizing the utilization of fishery by-products. These findings offer a scalable solution for producing high-value omega-3 oils, contributing to global dietary needs and promoting sustainability in the fishery industry.

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  • IPB University
  • Institut Teknologi Dan Bisnis STIKOM Bali
  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Politeknik Negeri Pontianak
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Tati NurhayatiIPB University24
Mala NurilmalaIPB University9
Nurjanah NurjanahIPB University8
Joko SantosoInstitut Teknologi Dan Bisnis STIKOM Bali8
Wahyu RamadhanIPB University8
Sugeng Heri SusenoIPB University8
Bustami IbrahimIPB University8
Asadatun AbdullahIPB University7
Iriani SetyaningsihIPB University7
Desniar DesniarIPB University7
Uju UjuIPB University7
Ella SalamahIPB University6
Maggy Thenawidjaja SuhartonoIPB University5
Pipih SuptijahIPB University5
Kustiariyah TarmanIPB University5
. UjuAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Akhiruddin MadduIPB University4
Asadatun AbdullahIPB University4
Joko SantosoIPB University4
Bambang RiyantoBandung Institute of Technology4
Wahyu RamadhanAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
DesniarIPB University3
Untung Trimo LaksonoPoliteknik Negeri Pontianak3
Raden Hilman WirayudhaIPB University3
Farel WidiarsyahIPB University3
Mala NurilmalaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Nurjanah - NurjanahIPB University3
Purnama ArafahIPB University3
Bustami IbrahimAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
NurjanahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Akhiruddin MadduIPB University2
Aulia HidayatiIPB University2
Feri KusnandarIPB University2
Safrina Dyah HardiningtyasIPB University2

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/JIPK/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Effect of Different Papain Concentrations on Yield and Quality of Tuna Eye Oil</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Trilaksani, Wini </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nurhayati, Tati </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Santoso, Joko </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Riyanto, Bambang </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fauziah, Silva</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sinulingga, Fahri </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">DHA-rich oil</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Enzymatic oil extraction</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Papain-assisted extraction</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Polyunsaturated fatty acids</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Yield</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Graphical Abstract

Highlight Research

Innovative Use of By-Products: The study explores the use of tuna eye by-products, a rich source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), to reduce reliance on imported fish oil and promote sustainable utilization of fishery waste.
Enhanced Extraction Methodology: Enzymatic extraction using papain at optimal concentrations significantly improves the yield and quality of tuna eye oil, achieving up to six times higher yield compared to other methods.
Nutritional and Quality Benefits: The extracted oil demonstrated low Index of Atherogenicity (IA) and Index of Thrombogenicity (IT), indicating its potential as a heart-healthy dietary supplement, with DHA and EPA concentrations well preserved.
Environmental and Safety Advantages: The enzymatic process is solvent-free, minimizing environmental impact and ensuring consumer safety, while also addressing challenges posed by extended sample storage during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a crucial omega-3 fatty acid, plays a vital role in neurodevelopment and cardiovascular health. Indonesia relies heavily on imported fish oil, despite its significant potential in underutilized by-products like tuna eyes. This study investigates the optimization of papain enzyme concentration for enzymatic extraction of DHA-rich oil from tuna eyes, aiming to enhance yield and maintain quality. Using 1% papain at 55°C for 1 hour, the optimized process achieved an oil yield of 8.59 ± 0.69%, six times higher than cold extraction without enzymes. The extracted oil exhibited high oxidative stability with low Index of Atherogenicity (IA: 0.38–0.40) and Index of Thrombogenicity (IT: 0.20–0.21), while DHA content remained well-preserved at 27.82%. This method also demonstrated the capability to maintain oil quality even after prolonged storage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to conventional methods, enzymatic extraction provides a sustainable and efficient alternative by reducing chemical solvent use, minimizing environmental impact, and maximizing the utilization of fishery by-products. These findings offer a scalable solution for producing high-value omega-3 oils, contributing to global dietary needs and promoting sustainability in the fishery industry.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-01-07</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JIPK/article/view/57637</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jipk.v17i2.57637</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan; Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN; 374-388</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-0759</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2085-5842</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JIPK/article/view/57637/40678</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JIPK/article/view/57637/32765</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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