Karakteristik mutu dan kandungan senyawa volatil bekasam cumi-cumi dengan lama fermentasi yang berbeda: Quality and volatile compound content characteristics of fermented squid bekasam with different fermentation durations

Abstrak

Bahasa Indonesia

Cumi-cumi (Uroteuthis chinensis) digemari masyarakat Indonesia karena memiliki rasa enak dan tekstur yang unik. Pengolahannya menjadi produk bekasam dapat membuat cumi-cumi bertahan lama dan meningkatkan nilai gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan lama waktu fermentasi terbaik bekasam cumi-cumi melalui karakteristik mutu kimia, bakteri asam laktat, sensori dan kandungan senyawa volatil. Pembuatan bekasam cumi-cumi dengan perendaman larutan garam 15% dan pemberian karbohidrat nasi 40% (b/b), selanjutnya dilakukan proses fermentasi. Lama fermentasi yang digunakan untuk membuat bekasam perlu diperhatikan karena berpengaruh terhadap mutu bekasam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah experimental laboratories menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan lama fermentasi yang berbeda, yaitu 3, 5, dan 7 hari dengan 3 kali ulangan. Data parametrik dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut Tukey HSD. Data nonparametik dianalisis menggunakan Kruskal Wallis dan uji lanjut Mann Whitney. Parameter yang diuji adalah kadar air, pH, total BAL, sensori, dan kandungan senyawa volatil. Bekasam cumi-cumi dengan lama fermentasi 3 hari memberikan hasil yang terbaik dengan kadar air 62,11%; pH 4,07; total bakteri asam laktat 9,05 log cfu/g dan uji hedonik dengan nilai selang kepercayaan sebesar 3,75 ˂µ< 4,05. Senyawa volatil yang dominan, yaitu golongan ester, alkohol dan amin. Senyawa lainnya yang teridentifikasi yaitu golongan asam, aldehid, keton, terpenoid, karotenoid, seskuiterpenoid, fenilpropanoid, hidrokarbon aromatik, dan karbonil. Pengolahan cumi-cumi menjadi produk bekasam memerlukan waktu fermentasi selama 3 hari untuk menghasilkan produk bekasam cumi-cumi yang baik.

Inggris

Squid, commonly known as Uroteuthis chinensis, is highly esteemed in Indonesia for both its delectable flavor and distinctive texture.The transformation of squid into bekasam not only prolongs its shelf life but also enhances its nutritional content. The objective of this study was to identify the optimal fermentation period for squid tamarind by evaluating its chemical quality characteristics, lactic acid bacterial count, sensory attributes, and volatile compound content. The preparation of fermented squid bekasam involves immersing the squid in a saline solution containing 15% salt and incorporating 40% (w/w) rice carbohydrate, which was then subjected to fermentation. The duration of the fermentation process is a critical factor to consider when producing bekasam because it has a direct impact on the quality of the final product. The investigative technique employed was an experimental laboratory strategy employing a completely randomized design (CRD) with three distinct fermentation durations: 3, 5, and 7 days, with each replicate repeated three times. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Parametric data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD follow-up test, while non-parametric data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The variables assessed included moisture content, pH, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), sensory evaluation, and volatile compound content. Fermented squid bekasam that has been allowed to ferment for 3 days has been found to yield the best results, with the following parameters: a moisture content of 62.11%, a pH level of 4.07, a total lactic acid bacteria count of 9.05 log cfu/g, and a hedonic test score within the confidence interval of 3.75<µ<4.05. The results of this study demonstrate that the fermentation process used to produce fermented squid bekasam for three days is optimal for achieving the desired characteristics. The predominant volatile compounds were esters, alcohols, and amines, while other identified compounds included acids, aldehydes, ketones, terpenoids, carotenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, aromatic carbonates, and carbonyls. The findings of this study reveal that the process of fermenting squid into bekasam products requires a period of three days to yield high-quality fermented squid bekasam products.

Kata kunci

• ester
• LAB
• moisture content
• pH
• sensory
• BAL
• kadar air
• sensori