Penapisan senyawa bioaktif antibakteri fungi laut endofit asal Pulau Buton Sulawesi Tenggara: Screening bioactive compounds of marine endophytic fungi as antibacteria from Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi

Abstrak

Bahasa Indonesia

Fungi laut endofit mengandung senyawa bioaktif alami sehingga memiliki kemampuan sebagai antimikroba, antitumor, antivirus, antikanker, dan antiinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan potensi senyawa bioaktif yang dimiliki oleh fungi laut endofit dan aktivitas antibakterinya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen Vibrio harveyi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan, yaitu isolasi, seleksi, uji antagonis, ekstraksi senyawa aktif, dan uji antibakteri. Isolasi dan seleksi fungi laut endofit dilakukan pada sampel rumput laut dan mangrove yang berasal dari Pulau Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara menggunakan media potato dextrose agar (PDA). Isolat sebanyak 35 diuji antagonis dengan bakteri patogen Vibrio harveyi dan menghasilkan zona bening yang berkisar antara 2-21 mm. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dan dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak isolat fungi laut Aspergillus terreus (WB 1-2) membentuk zona hambat (inhibisi) tertinggi pada bobot 2 mg/mL sebesar 21,8±0,3 mm. Diameter zona hambat ekstrak Aspergillus terreus tersebut lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kloramfenikol (19 mm) yang digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa fungi laut endofit A. terreus dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri alami dalam pencegahan patogen di dalam bidang akuakultur.

Inggris

Marine endophytic fungi harbor inherent bioactive chemicals that exhibit antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to assess the capability of bioactive chemicals found in endophytic marine fungi to prevent the growth of the harmful bacterium Vibrio harveyi. This research was carried out using a series of procedures, including isolation, selection, antagonistic testing, extraction of active compounds, and antibacterial testing. The process of isolating and selecting endophytic marine fungi was conducted on seaweed and mangrove samples obtained from Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi. This was performed using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). 35 isolates were subjected to antagonistic testing against the pathogenic bacterium V. harveyi, which led to the formation of clear zones with sizes ranging from 2 mm to 21 mm. Extraction was conducted using a maceration technique with ethyl acetate as the solvent. The resulting extract was then concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The extract derived from the marine fungus Aspergillus terreus (WB 1-2) showed the largest inhibitory zone, measuring 21.8±0.3 mm, when tested at a dosage of 2 mg/mL. The diameter of the inhibitory zone of the A. terreus extract was greater than that of the positive control, chloramphenicol (19 mm). These findings suggest that the marine endophytic fungus A. terreus can be used as a natural antibacterial agent to inhibit the growth of infections in aquaculture.

Kata kunci

• antibiotics
• extraction
• mangrove
• metabolites
• pathogens
• antibiotik
• ekstraksi
• metabolit
• patogen