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Optimization of the epoxidation reaction of Calophyllum inophyllum oil-based epoxy

Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia · Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 41–48

DOI
10.20884/1.jm.2026.21.1.12176
ISSN
2503-0310, 1907-9761
Terbit
2026-03-31
Penerbit
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

ABSTRACT. Epoxy is synthesized through an epoxidation reaction, namely the oxidation of double bonds by active oxygen to form an oxirane ring. Generally, epoxy is synthesized from petroleum-derived raw materials which are non-renewable energy sources. Vegetable oils which contain unsaturated bonds can be used as alternative raw materials for producing epoxy. In this research, Calophyllum inophyllum oil (the local name is nyamplung), which is a non-edible and non-commercial vegetable oil, was used as a feedstock in the preparation of epoxy. Epoxidation takes place in situ, namely performic acid which reacts with nyamplung oil is produced from the reaction between HCOOH and H2O2, and is catalyzed by sulfuric acid simultaneously. The indicators in this epoxidation reaction are the oxirane oxygen content (OOC) and the relative conversion to oxirane (RCO). The optimum epoxidation conditions obtained are duration of epoxidation of 6 h, ratio of oil:HCOOH:H2O2 is 1:3:4 (mole/mole), and epoxidation temperature of 45 °C. The product was characterized using FTIR and NMR. Keywords: Calophyllum inophyllum oil; epoxidation; epoxy; oxirane oxygen content

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  • State University of Malang
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Sebelas Maret University
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari
  • Muhammadiyah University Purwokerto
  • Yogyakarta State University
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
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Ramadhita RamadhitaAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Syabbul BachriAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Muhamad Galang IsnawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Naif Mastoor AlsulamiAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Ni Komang Tri DharmayaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Emmy YuanitaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Cholis Sa’dijahState University of Malang2
Ni Made SudewianingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Wanda Nugroho YanuartoMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto2
Ebenezer BonyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Yusnaeni YusnaeniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Didik SukrionoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Alfan BramantyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Subanji SubanjiState University of Malang1
Indriati Nurul HidayahState University of Malang1
Yokhebed YokhebedSebelas Maret University1
Sutarno SutarnoIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Mohammad MasykuriSebelas Maret University1
Baskoro Adi PrayitnoSebelas Maret University1
Azizah Naha'wanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
La Ode TuriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Murni NiaUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Wilda NingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
laode TuriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muh Syafa AbdullahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yasnani YasnaniUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Asnia ZainuddinUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Fithria FithriaUniversitas Halu Oleo1
A. PurwantoYogyakarta State University1
didik purwiyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
B A SetionoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muh. RusmayadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Samsuriadi SamsuriadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Jenisus O. DejarloAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jm/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US"> Optimization of the epoxidation reaction of Calophyllum inophyllum oil-based epoxy</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Suhendra, Dedy</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sudirman, Sudirman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Murniati, Murniati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Handayani, Sri Seno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Iswari, Ni Kadek Suardani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Gunawan, Erin Ryantin</dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">ABSTRACT. Epoxy is synthesized through an epoxidation reaction, namely the oxidation of double bonds by active oxygen to form an oxirane ring. Generally, epoxy is synthesized from petroleum-derived raw materials which are non-renewable energy sources. Vegetable oils which contain unsaturated bonds can be used as alternative raw materials for producing epoxy. In this research, Calophyllum inophyllum oil (the local name is nyamplung), which is a non-edible and non-commercial vegetable oil, was used as a feedstock in the preparation of epoxy. Epoxidation takes place in situ, namely performic acid which reacts with nyamplung oil is produced from the reaction between HCOOH and H2O2, and is catalyzed by sulfuric acid simultaneously. The indicators in this epoxidation reaction are the oxirane oxygen content (OOC) and the relative conversion to oxirane (RCO). The optimum epoxidation conditions obtained are duration of epoxidation of 6 h, ratio of oil:HCOOH:H2O2 is 1:3:4 (mole/mole), and epoxidation temperature of 45 °C. The product was characterized using FTIR and NMR.
&amp;nbsp;
Keywords: Calophyllum inophyllum oil; epoxidation; epoxy; oxirane oxygen content</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Jenderal Soedirman</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jm/article/view/12176</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20884/1.jm.2026.21.1.12176</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Molekul; Vol 21 No 1 (2026); 41-48</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2503-0310</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1907-9761</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jm/article/view/12176/8032</dc:relation>
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