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University Autonomy and Performance in Indonesia: An Agency Theory Approach

Educational Management · Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 23–32

DOI
10.15294/eduman.v14i1.32037
ISSN
2502-454X, 2252-7001
Terbit
2025-01-26
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

This study investigated how agency costs affected the performance of Indonesian state universities operating under different levels of autonomy—those with Legal Entity Status (PTNBH) and those functioning as Public Service Agencies (PTNBLU). Employing a quantitative explanatory design, the research analyzed secondary data from 2020 to 2023, which included financial statements and Key Performance Indicator (IKU) scores. Agency costs were represented by the Operating Expense Ratio (OER) and Asset Turnover Ratio (ATR). The findings revealed that both OER and ATR significantly influenced university performance in both PTNBH and PTNBLU models. PTNBH institutions appeared more responsive to government goals, as indicated by their higher ATR values. Nonetheless, the additional revenue generated through efficient asset utilization was insufficient to offset their elevated operating expenses. The persistently high OER among PTNBH institutions highlighted the need for organizational restructuring to enhance efficiency. Overall, the study provided empirical support for agency theory within non-profit higher education settings and emphasized the critical role of balancing institutional autonomy with strong accountability mechanisms.

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  • Universitas Media Nusantara Citra
  • State University of Semarang
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Tri Joko RaharjoAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Suwito Eko PramonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Tri Joko RaharjoAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Widiyanto WidiyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Noor HudallahAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika PrajantiState University of Semarang2
Nina OktarinaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Agus WahyudinAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sugiyo SugiyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Titi PrihatinAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Muhammad KhafidAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Kardoyo KardoyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
I Gusti Ayu Agung Aristi PutriUniversitas Media Nusantara Citra1
Ananda Fiky Dibanu KhaerUniversitas Media Nusantara Citra1
Harianingsih HarianingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Didik WiyonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad MiftahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Angga Pandu WijayaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Margareta RahayuningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
S MartonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Soesanto SoesantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Agnees Dyah RachmawatieAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Gatot Hadi PrasetyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yeri SutopoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Edi YuliantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fitri NurjannahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aprilia SusantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
WasinoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Suwito Eko ParmonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fathur RokhmanState University of Semarang1
WidiyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Abdul MuklisAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nurlaily MauludiyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Murwatiningsih MurwatiningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yan Septio Bintoro AndaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Siti HandayaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fakhruddin FakhruddinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yongky Defridus HaekaseAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/eduman/oai, pertama di-harvest 5 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 5 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">University Autonomy and Performance in Indonesia: An Agency Theory Approach</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en"> Ikmah, Siti Fiki</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yulianto, Arief </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">University Autonomy </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">University Perfomance</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Agency Theory  </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Agency Costs</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Governance</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study investigated how agency costs affected the performance of Indonesian state universities operating under different levels of autonomy—those with Legal Entity Status (PTNBH) and those functioning as Public Service Agencies (PTNBLU). Employing a quantitative explanatory design, the research analyzed secondary data from 2020 to 2023, which included financial statements and Key Performance Indicator (IKU) scores. Agency costs were represented by the Operating Expense Ratio (OER) and Asset Turnover Ratio (ATR). The findings revealed that both OER and ATR significantly influenced university performance in both PTNBH and PTNBLU models. PTNBH institutions appeared more responsive to government goals, as indicated by their higher ATR values. Nonetheless, the additional revenue generated through efficient asset utilization was insufficient to offset their elevated operating expenses. The persistently high OER among PTNBH institutions highlighted the need for organizational restructuring to enhance efficiency. Overall, the study provided empirical support for agency theory within non-profit higher education settings and emphasized the critical role of balancing institutional autonomy with strong accountability mechanisms.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-01-26</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/eduman/article/view/32037</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/eduman.v14i1.32037</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Educational Management; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Regular Issue; 23-32</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-454X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-7001</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/eduman.v14i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/eduman/article/view/32037/5697</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Educational Management</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>