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Analysis of Rainwater Acidity in Semarang City

Jurnal Fisika · Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026)

DOI
10.15294/jf.v16i1.7919
ISSN
2684-978X, 2088-1509
Terbit
2026-05-15
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Rainwater is the result of the evaporation process that condenses and falls to the earth's surface. On its way, rainwater mixes with dust particulates and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NOx), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and other hydrocarbons. This mixture can produce acid rain if the pH of the rainwater is below 5.6. Analyzing the potential for acid rain in urban areas is important as an early detection measure of potential environmental damage. In Semarang City, which has high traffic density and industrial areas, this study examined the acidity of rainwater during the period 2016-2023. The primary data used were rainwater pH data and chemical compounds from the BMKG Air Quality Testing Laboratory. The data were analyzed descriptively to determine the level of acidity and the content of chemical compounds in rainwater. The results showed that the frequency of acid rain in Semarang peaked in 2020 with 83.3%. Strong acid compounds, such as SO4, NO3, and Cl, dominate the chemical content of rainwater with an average of 62.4%, while strong bases and weak bases are 28.7% and 8.9%, respectively. SO4 and NO3 compounds, which originate from motor vehicle emissions, are the main components determining acid rain in this region. This study provides an important rationale for mitigating and preventing the negative impacts of acid rain in Semarang City

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  • Jordan University of Science and Technology
  • Tanjungpura University
  • Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • State University of Semarang
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Sukiswo Supeni EdiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Jamaluddin ShiddiqAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rijal MahdiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Irsal AminAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ahmad MustafaJordan University of Science and Technology1
Ermayanti IshakAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Abdullah AbdullahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muslim TadjuddahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Naslina AliminaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nur AfifahTanjungpura University1
Melody Angel MasadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Husaini MaulanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Alicia Cherie ChandraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fahad Fauzan Al MunawarAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nurman Maulana IkhsanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Danil Eka FahrudinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Irma RahmawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
M. Rizky Eka Putra Vi SafrillahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sungkowo SungkowoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sobihin SobihinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rizam Ahada UNAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anggit WicaksonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sungatno SungatnoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ifa Nurul AzizahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Imron FadillahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Amir MahmudUniversitas Yudharta Pasuruan1
Zulfa Zakiatul HidayahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nadia MeiraniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad YusufUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Umi WidyastutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Erna AprianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Widiawati WidiawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sigit SaptonoState University of Semarang1
Amin RetnoningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Imam GhozaliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jf/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 6 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Analysis of Rainwater Acidity in Semarang City</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Khotijah, Sri Wulan Siti </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Abdullah, Sri Endah Ardhi Ningrum</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Latif, Abdul </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sunarno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Atmoko, Dwi </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Acid Rain</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rainwater</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Chemical Compound</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en"> Semarang</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Rainwater is the result of the evaporation process that condenses and falls to the earth's surface. On its way, rainwater mixes with dust particulates and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NOx), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and other hydrocarbons. This mixture can produce acid rain if the pH of the rainwater is below 5.6. Analyzing the potential for acid rain in urban areas is important as an early detection measure of potential environmental damage. In Semarang City, which has high traffic density and industrial areas, this study examined the acidity of rainwater during the period 2016-2023. The primary data used were rainwater pH data and chemical compounds from the BMKG Air Quality Testing Laboratory. The data were analyzed descriptively to determine the level of acidity and the content of chemical compounds in rainwater. The results showed that the frequency of acid rain in Semarang peaked in 2020 with 83.3%. Strong acid compounds, such as SO4, NO3, and Cl, dominate the chemical content of rainwater with an average of 62.4%, while strong bases and weak bases are 28.7% and 8.9%, respectively. SO4 and NO3 compounds, which originate from motor vehicle emissions, are the main components determining acid rain in this region. This study provides an important rationale for mitigating and preventing the negative impacts of acid rain in Semarang City</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-05-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jf/article/view/7919</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jf.v16i1.7919</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Fisika; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Fisika 16 (1) 2026</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2684-978X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2088-1509</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jf.v16i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jf/article/view/7919/9670</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Fisika</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>