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Women`s Empowerment through Non-Formal Education Programs to Increase Women's Confidence and Self-Potential

Journal of Nonformal Education · Vol. 12 No. nformal (2026) · hlm. 254–268

DOI
10.15294/jone.v12i1.27223
ISSN
2528-4541, 2442-532X
Terbit
2026-02-15
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Women's empowerment is an important component of sustainable development. However, gender inequality remains evident in Indonesia's agricultural sector. Although women account for about 36.7% of the agricultural workforce, their contributions are often viewed only as supporting roles rather than as primary actors. Women Farmers Groups (WFG) have emerged as grassroots organizations that promote women's empowerment through non-formal education programs, including skills development, entrepreneurship training, financial literacy, and awareness of women's rights. Research Urgency: Previous studies on WFG empowerment mainly emphasize economic outcomes, while psychological empowerment such as self-confidence and personal potential development has received limited attention. Understanding these aspects is important to strengthen women’s participation and independence in rural communities. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the empowerment process through non-formal education programs in WFG, focusing on strengthening women's self-confidence and personal potential, as well as identifying supporting and inhibiting factors. Research Method: This study employed a qualitative case study approach with data were collected through interviews with six informants, observations, and documentation analysis. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman’s interactive model combined with Longwe’s gender empowerment framework. Research Findings: The findings show that empowerment occurs through four stages: awareness building, capacity development, participation, and self-reliance. Non-formal education programs such as skills training, life skills education, entrepreneurship training, and literacy activities significantly increased members’ confidence and potential. Internal support from leadership and member commitment, along with external institutional support, strengthened the empowerment process despite challenges related to time limitations and diverse member capacities. Research Conclusion: Non-formal education within women farmers groups provides an effective approach to strengthening women’s psychological and social empowerment in rural agricultural communities. Research Novelty: This study highlights psychological empowerment through non-formal education within women farmers groups, a dimension rarely explored in previous research that mainly focused on economic outcomes.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University
  • Balai Diklat Keagamaan Semarang
  • Fatoni University
  • University of Lomé
  • Universitas Syiah Kuala
  • Institut Kesehatan Helvetia
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Tri SuminarState University of Semarang4
Fakhruddin FakhruddinState University of Semarang3
Imam ShofwanState University of Semarang3
Imam Roos WahyudiState University of Semarang2
Sachin GuptaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sri WardaniState University of Semarang2
Islahuddin IslahuddinFatoni University2
Ratna PriliantiBalai Diklat Keagamaan Semarang1
Tanisa HasdianiState University of Semarang1
Ilham Marito SetiajiState University of Semarang1
Eka RiyantiState University of Semarang1
Kurotul AeniState University of Semarang1
Joko SutartoState University of Semarang1
Arini Dwi CahyaniState University of Semarang1
Nazilatus Sa'diyahState University of Semarang1
Anifah Widya IndarthiState University of Semarang1
Rendi Agung FebriantoState University of Semarang1
Samira AgoroUniversity of Lomé1
Ilyas IlyasUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Moses Adeleke AdeoyeAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ayu Asih SulistiyoriniState University of Semarang1
Lely Diah Eko PriyantiniState University of Semarang1
Sawa SuryanaState University of Semarang1
Ghanis Putra WidhanartoState University of Semarang1
Achmad RifaiInstitut Kesehatan Helvetia1
Muarifuddin MuarifuddinState University of Semarang1
Liliek DesmawatiState University of Semarang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jone/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Women`s Empowerment through Non-Formal Education Programs to Increase Women's Confidence and Self-Potential</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zaetun, Asih</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yusuf, Amin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Arbarini, Mintarsih</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Siswanto, Yudi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mikeladze, Tamar </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en"> women's empowerment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">self-confidence</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">self-potential</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">women farmers` group</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Women's empowerment is an important component of sustainable development. However, gender inequality remains evident in Indonesia's agricultural sector. Although women account for about 36.7% of the agricultural workforce, their contributions are often viewed only as supporting roles rather than as primary actors. Women Farmers Groups (WFG) have emerged as grassroots organizations that promote women's empowerment through non-formal education programs, including skills development, entrepreneurship training, financial literacy, and awareness of women's rights.
Research Urgency: Previous studies on WFG empowerment mainly emphasize economic outcomes, while psychological empowerment such as self-confidence and personal potential development has received limited attention. Understanding these aspects is important to strengthen women’s participation and independence in rural communities.
Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the empowerment process through non-formal education programs in WFG, focusing on strengthening women's self-confidence and personal potential, as well as identifying supporting and inhibiting factors.
Research Method: This study employed a qualitative case study approach with data were collected through interviews with six informants, observations, and documentation analysis. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman’s interactive model combined with Longwe’s gender empowerment framework.
Research Findings: The findings show that empowerment occurs through four stages: awareness building, capacity development, participation, and self-reliance. Non-formal education programs such as skills training, life skills education, entrepreneurship training, and literacy activities significantly increased members’ confidence and potential. Internal support from leadership and member commitment, along with external institutional support, strengthened the empowerment process despite challenges related to time limitations and diverse member capacities.
Research Conclusion: Non-formal education within women farmers groups provides an effective approach to strengthening women’s psychological and social empowerment in rural agricultural communities.
Research Novelty: This study highlights psychological empowerment through non-formal education within women farmers groups, a dimension rarely explored in previous research that mainly focused on economic outcomes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-02-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jone/article/view/27223</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jone.v12i1.27223</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Nonformal Education; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Community empowerment and Adult education; 254-268</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-4541</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2442-532X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jone.v12i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jone/article/view/27223/9694</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Asih Zaetun, Amin Yusuf, Mintarsih Arbarini (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>