Arabic language learning in Indonesia has various models and approaches, both in formal institutions such as Ma'had Lughowi in universities and in non-formal institutions such as Kampung Arab Pare. The differences in the characteristics of these two institutions, in terms of methods, atmosphere, and learning objectives, make them interesting to study. The background of this research stems from the need to understand how students perceive the effectiveness of learning Arabic in these two different contexts. The effectiveness of learning is measured not only by academic results but also by how well the methods and learning environment foster motivation and communicative language skills. This study uses a qualitative approach with a comparative study method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation of santri who had learning experiences at Ma'had Lughowi UIN Bandung and Kampung Arab Pare. Data analysis was carried out by comparing santri perceptions of the methods, atmosphere, and learning outcomes obtained from both institutions. The results show that Arabic language learning at Kampung Arab Pare is perceived as more communicative and enjoyable, and it encourages student participation through direct methods and speaking practice. In contrast, Ma'had Lughowi is considered more formal, systematic, and academically oriented, with an emphasis on linguistic theory such as qawaid and qira'ah. Although it strengthens grammatical understanding, the lack of speaking practice makes some students feel passive. Overall, this study concludes that the effectiveness of Arabic language learning depends on balancing theory and practice, as well as creating an active, interactive, and contextual learning environment.
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