Karakterisasi awal limbah makanan (food waste) dan kotoran sapi pada proses produksi biogas, kompos dan pupuk cair

Abstrak

Food waste in Indonesia remains an unresolved environmental problem. Current waste management systems, which focus on landfill or incineration, increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water pollution, soil degradation, climate change, reduced biodiversity, and human health problems. Anaerobic digestion is a viable option for food waste management. This method has proven to be more efficient as a "green technology" alternative for processing industrial waste, crop residues, food scraps, and animal manure into alternative energy sources (biogas). The purpose of this study was to determine the initial characteristics of food waste and cow dung for the production of biogas, compost, and liquid fertilizer. The parameters analyzed included organic carbon (Walkey & Black), available phosphorus (Olsen method), total potassium (25% HCl), nitrogen (Kjeldahl method), and moisture content. Test results showed that cow manure contained 40.16% organic carbon, 0.82% nitrogen, 420.87 ppm available phosphorus, 36.85 mg/100 g total potassium, and 97.54% water content. Meanwhile, food waste contained 25.10% organic carbon, 2.34% nitrogen, 42.40 mg/100 g total phosphorus, and 45.42 mg/100 g total potassium, as well as a very high water content of 87.19%. This difference in composition indicates that cow manure has the potential to be a good source of available carbon and phosphorus for compost, while food waste excels in nitrogen and potassium content. The combination of the two has the potential to produce liquid organic fertilizer and compost formulations with a balanced C/N ratio and increase the efficiency of biogas production.

Kata kunci

• Anaerobic digestion
• Biogas
• Cow manure
• Food waste