Needs Analysis for the Development of a Nearpod-Based Web Learning Platform to Support Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary Science Learning on the Solar System

Abstrak

Critical thinking and scientific literacy are essential competencies in elementary science education, yet classroom learning often provides limited opportunities for students to explore scientific phenomena, process evidence, and communicate findings. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the integration of Canva into Discovery Learning as a technology-enhanced instructional approach for improving critical thinking and supporting scientific literacy in elementary science education. A Research and Development (R&D) approach adapted from the Borg and Gall model was employed through seven stages: needs analysis, planning, initial development, expert validation, revision and limited trial, main field trial, and final product development. The participants were 40 fifth-grade students, including 10 students in the limited trial and 30 students in the main field trial. The developed product integrated Canva into the six stages of Discovery Learning and included learning materials, student worksheets, and assessment instruments. Validation results indicated high feasibility, with an overall score of 88.40%. Critical thinking increased from a mean pretest score of 52.10 to 81.40 posttest, with a significant paired-sample t-test result (p <.001) and an N-Gain of 0,61. Students demonstrated an overall scientific literacy performance of 85%. Implementation challenges involved teacher adaptation, digital readiness, instructional time, infrastructure, and internet connectivity. The findings demonstrate the potential of Canva-integrated Discovery Learning as a feasible technology-enhanced pedagogy for elementary science education.

Kata kunci

• Canva
• Critical Thinking
• Discovery Learning
• Elementary Science Education
• Scientific Literacy