Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Open access Journal

Examining the complexity of child marriage as sexual violence in digital era

Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum · Vol. 31 No. 2 (2023) · pp. 310–328

DOI
10.22219/ljih.v31i2.28881
ISSN
2549-4600, 0854-6509
Published
2023-09-30
Publisher
Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Child marriage in the digital era is an interesting fact because this type of marriage is classified as sexual violence. However, child marriage is very common in Indonesia because of many factors. Child marriage in the digital era is known to have triggered many problems, such as reproductive health problems, domestic violence, and divorce. However, considering child marriage as a criminal offense of sexual violence (TPKS) as stated in Law Number 12 of 2022, is unwise. Departing from this issue, this research identifies three reasons why child marriage cannot be categorized as sexual violence in the digital era. The results of this paper show that child marriage in Indonesia is inevitable due to three main arguments: Islamic teachings permit child marriage, the high number of marriage dispensations, and the TPKS Law focuses more on protecting women, not the spouses of child marriage perpetrators. Another cause of child marriage is poor education in the digital era, coupled with poor understanding of the importance of self-protection from promiscuity in the digital era among community members. Education on gender equality and reproduction also has not been properly applied. Finally, marriage guidance for teenagers and prospective brides in the digital era has not been implemented yet.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 95 co-authorship links · 21 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Malang
  • Sebelas Maret University
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Muhammadiyah University Purwokerto
  • Yogyakarta State University
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro
  • Other organisations
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Khoirul HidayahAffiliation unknown5
Muhamad Galang IsnawanAffiliation unknown4
Naif Mastoor AlsulamiAffiliation unknown4
Dwi FidhayantiAffiliation unknown3
Cholis Sa’dijahState University of Malang2
Ni Komang Tri DharmayaniAffiliation unknown2
Emmy YuanitaAffiliation unknown2
Aditya Prastian SupriyadiAffiliation unknown2
Wanda Nugroho YanuartoMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto2
Ebenezer BonyahAffiliation unknown2
Yusnaeni YusnaeniAffiliation unknown2
Didik SukrionoAffiliation unknown2
Alfan BramantyaAffiliation unknown2
Subanji SubanjiState University of Malang1
Indriati Nurul HidayahState University of Malang1
Yokhebed YokhebedSebelas Maret University1
Sutarno SutarnoIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Mohammad MasykuriSebelas Maret University1
Baskoro Adi PrayitnoSebelas Maret University1
Edi CahyonoUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Kadir KadirUniversitas Halu Oleo1
A. PurwantoYogyakarta State University1
didik purwiyantoAffiliation unknown1
B A SetionoAffiliation unknown1
Nirwansyah AmierAffiliation unknown1
Ihsan Syawal RahmatAffiliation unknown1
Purwanto PurwantoCenderawasih University1
Nego LinuhungUniversitas Muhammadiyah Metro1
Sukoriyanto SukoriyantoState University of Malang1
Mohd Isha AwangUniversiti Utara Malaysia1
Nurul AnjartikasariAffiliation unknown1
Ni Made SudewianingsihAffiliation unknown1
Maria UlfaAffiliation unknown1
Muh. RusmayadiAffiliation unknown1
Samsuriadi SamsuriadiAffiliation unknown1
Jenisus O. DejarloAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/legality/oai, first harvested 7 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Examining the complexity of child marriage as sexual violence in digital era</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Sudirman, Sudirman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ramadhita, Ramadhita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Bachri, Syabbul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Duran, Büşra Nur</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Child marriage</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">criminal offense</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">sexual violence</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">promiscuity</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Child marriage in the digital era is an interesting fact because this type of marriage is classified as sexual violence. However, child marriage is very common in Indonesia because of many factors. Child marriage in the digital era is known to have triggered many problems, such as reproductive health problems, domestic violence, and divorce. However, considering child marriage as a criminal offense of sexual violence (TPKS) as stated in Law Number 12 of 2022, is unwise. Departing from this issue, this research identifies three reasons why child marriage cannot be categorized as sexual violence in the digital era. The results of this paper show that child marriage in Indonesia is inevitable due to three main arguments: Islamic teachings permit child marriage, the high number of marriage dispensations, and the TPKS Law focuses more on protecting women, not the spouses of child marriage perpetrators. Another cause of child marriage is poor education in the digital era, coupled with poor understanding of the importance of self-protection from promiscuity in the digital era among community members. Education on gender equality and reproduction also has not been properly applied. Finally, marriage guidance for teenagers and prospective brides in the digital era has not been implemented yet.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-09-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/legality/article/view/28881</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22219/ljih.v31i2.28881</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum; Vol. 31 No. 2 (2023): September; 310-328</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-4600</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0854-6509</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/legality/article/view/28881/12979</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2023 Sudirman Sudirman, Ramadhita Ramadhita, Syabbul Bachri, Büşra Nur Duran</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>