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HEDGES IN CLASSROOM SPEECHES BY ENGLISH STUDENTS IN GRADUATE PROGRAM

English Education Journal · Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016)

ISSN
2087-0108, 2502-4566
Published
2016-09-22
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Sometimes, students need to present learning materials in front of the class. In this classroom speech, they need to deliver their speech appropriately so that the information can be accepted well. Consequently, they often hedge their utterances. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the ways students use hedges in their classroom speeches. This study aimed at analysing the forms and functions of the hedges and the factors which might constrain the use of the hedges. The subjects were 15 students of graduate program majoring English Language Education in Semarang State University. Their classroom speeches were recorded as source of the data. Based on the findings, it could be identified that the students hedged their sentences during classroom speeches frequently. In average, students hedged around 58% of their entire sentences. Seven forms and four functions of hedges were used by students effectively and significantly. The students mainly hedged their sentences using approximator, introductory phrase, and modal-auxiliary verb forms. Plausibility and attributive shield functions were often used to soften their attitude toward the truth value of the information they presented. It could also be identified that there were five factors constraining the use of the hedges during their classroom speeches.

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 103 co-authorship links · 1 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

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  • Politeknik Negeri Malang
  • University of Brawijaya
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Januarius MujiyantoAffiliation unknown6
Mursid SalehAffiliation unknown5
Djoko SutopoAffiliation unknown4
Issy YuliasriAffiliation unknown4
Abdurrahman FaridiAffiliation unknown3
Dwi Anggani Linggar BharatiAffiliation unknown2
Dwi RukminiAffiliation unknown2
Jumadi JumadiAffiliation unknown2
Wahyu Nur HidayatPoliteknik Negeri Malang1
Rahmana Ilmi HakimUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ellvina Pramitadewi PramitadewiAffiliation unknown1
Fauziyatur RohmahAffiliation unknown1
Aldhy Sigma Lintang PamungkasAffiliation unknown1
Heri CahyonoAffiliation unknown1
Moh. AsroriAffiliation unknown1
Dzulkifli AbdullahAffiliation unknown1
Trias SeptianingsihAffiliation unknown1
Abdul KhalimAffiliation unknown1
Evita Ardy PrabasiwiAffiliation unknown1
Retno ApriliyantiAffiliation unknown1
Rudi HartonoAffiliation unknown1
Rizqi Amalia FAffiliation unknown1
Miftakhul UlumAffiliation unknown1
Nuna Mustikawati DewiAffiliation unknown1
Abdul AyizAffiliation unknown1
Yuni Awalaturrohmah SolihahAffiliation unknown1
Sri Wuli FirtiatiAffiliation unknown1
Sekar Ranis Anggita PahleviAffiliation unknown1
Isti KristianiAffiliation unknown1
Anis AmperawatyAffiliation unknown1
Iis Siti AisyahAffiliation unknown1
Dewi FatichaAffiliation unknown1
Dery Purnama SaefudinAffiliation unknown1
Tarina DashelaAffiliation unknown1
Iftitah KhayatiAffiliation unknown1
Nazala Wahyu FebriantoAffiliation unknown1
Andini Syita SavitriAffiliation unknown1
Meli FauziahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/eej/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">HEDGES IN CLASSROOM SPEECHES BY ENGLISH STUDENTS IN GRADUATE PROGRAM</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Yuliarti, Arina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Warsono, Warsono</dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Sometimes, students need to present learning materials in front of the class. In this classroom speech, they need to deliver their speech appropriately so that the information can be accepted well. Consequently, they often hedge their utterances. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the ways students use hedges in their classroom speeches. This study aimed at analysing the forms and functions of the hedges and the factors which might constrain the use of the hedges. The subjects were 15 students of graduate program majoring English Language Education in Semarang State University. Their classroom speeches were recorded as source of the data. Based on the findings, it could be identified that the students hedged their sentences during classroom speeches frequently. In average, students hedged around 58% of their entire sentences. Seven forms and four functions of hedges were used by students effectively and significantly. The students mainly hedged their sentences using approximator, introductory phrase, and modal-auxiliary verb forms. Plausibility and attributive shield functions were often used to soften their attitude toward the truth value of the information they presented. It could also be identified that there were five factors constraining the use of the hedges during their classroom speeches.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2016-09-22</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/eej/article/view/12773</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">English Education Journal; Vol 6 No 1 (2016)</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2087-0108</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-4566</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/eej/article/view/12773/6930</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/eej/article/view/12773/6931</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2016 English Education Journal</dc:rights>
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