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The Use of Formulaic Expressions in the Reading Texts of Senior High School Textbooks Grade XI

English Education Journal · Vol. 10 No. 4 (2020) · pp. 414–425

DOI
10.15294/eej.v10i4.38742
ISSN
2087-0108, 2502-4566
Published
2020-12-23
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

The present study investigated formulaic expressions in Senior High School textbooks grade XI that are written by non-native speakers. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the types of formulaic expressions in the reading texts of grade XI of Senior High School Textbooks (2) to analyze reading texts of grade XI of Senior High School textbooks in order to explain the functions of formulaic expressions, (3) to evaluate reading texts of grade XI of Senior High School textbooks in order to explain the appropriateness of formulaic expressions. The data were taken from reading texts in the English textbooks. The units of analysis were major and minor clauses that contain formulaic expressions. The main category of formulaic expressions was based on Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, and Finegan’s (1999) structural category of formulaic expressions. An observation sheet was used as a research instrument. This study showed that (1) not all of lexical bundles variants were fully applied in the reading texts. There were not many examples of idiomatic phrases in the reading texts, (2) formulaic expressions in the reading texts presented various functions, (3) few lexical bundles and free combinations of verb + particles were not appropriately used in the reading texts. The present study revealed that few of formulaic expressions in the reading texts are unnatural. Therefore, the reading texts need improvement. This study offers suggestions especially to the textbook authors regarding the naturalness of formulaic expressions. This study reminds EFL teachers to be more aware of the use of formulaic expressions.

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 136 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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Djoko SutopoAffiliation unknown8
Januarius MujiyantoAffiliation unknown6
Widhiyanto WidhiyantoAffiliation unknown6
Mursid SalehAffiliation unknown6
Dwi Anggani Linggar BharatiAffiliation unknown5
Issy YuliasriAffiliation unknown5
Abdurrachman FaridiAffiliation unknown5
Sri Wuli FitriatiAffiliation unknown5
Sri Wuli FitriatiAffiliation unknown4
Dwi Anggani Linggar BharatiAffiliation unknown4
Ahmad SofwanAffiliation unknown3
Hendi PratamaAffiliation unknown3
Zulfa SakhiyyaAffiliation unknown2
Rudi HartonoAffiliation unknown2
Frimadhona SyafriAffiliation unknown2
Warsono WarsonoAffiliation unknown2
SRI WAHYUNIAffiliation unknown1
Zumala HusnaAffiliation unknown1
Rini Susanti WulandariAffiliation unknown1
Hanum BestariAffiliation unknown1
Prahita Isnaini NingtyasAffiliation unknown1
Hendrikus Joko YuliantoAffiliation unknown1
Anindya PangestikaAffiliation unknown1
Rahayu Puji HaryantiAffiliation unknown1
Nurlaely HidayatiAffiliation unknown1
Lucky Kristina DamayantiAffiliation unknown1
Agus PrayogoAffiliation unknown1
Andika Farid AbdillahAffiliation unknown1
M. Syaeful Rizki UAffiliation unknown1
Amalia RahmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Agus Rofi’iAffiliation unknown1
Ismi KusumaningroemAffiliation unknown1
Masfa MaizaAffiliation unknown1
Daud JiwandonoAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad TauchidAffiliation unknown1
Dafi KhusnitaAffiliation unknown1
Agnes Arum BudianaAffiliation unknown1
Nor ChotimahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/eej/oai, first harvested 5 Nov 2026, last seen 5 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Use of Formulaic Expressions in the Reading Texts of Senior High School Textbooks Grade XI</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Wibowo, Yudha Pambudi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rukmini, Dwi</dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The present study investigated formulaic expressions in Senior High School textbooks grade XI that are written by non-native speakers. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the types of formulaic expressions in the reading texts of grade XI of Senior High School Textbooks (2) to analyze reading texts of grade XI of Senior High School textbooks in order to explain the functions of formulaic expressions, (3) to evaluate reading texts of grade XI of Senior High School textbooks in order to explain the appropriateness of formulaic expressions. The data were taken from reading texts in the English textbooks. The units of analysis were major and minor clauses that contain formulaic expressions. The main category of formulaic expressions was based on Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, and Finegan’s (1999) structural category of formulaic expressions. An observation sheet was used as a research instrument. This study showed that (1) not all of lexical bundles variants were fully applied in the reading texts. There were not many examples of idiomatic phrases in the reading texts, (2) formulaic expressions in the reading texts presented various functions, (3) few lexical bundles and free combinations of verb + particles were not appropriately used in the reading texts. The present study revealed that few of formulaic expressions in the reading texts are unnatural. Therefore, the reading texts need improvement. This study offers suggestions especially to the textbook authors regarding the naturalness of formulaic expressions. This study reminds EFL teachers to be more aware of the use of formulaic expressions.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2020-12-23</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/eej/article/view/38742</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/eej.v10i4.38742</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">English Education Journal; Vol 10 No 4 (2020): December 2020; 414-425</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2087-0108</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-4566</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/eej.v10i4</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/eej/article/view/38742/16076</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2020 English Education Journal</dc:rights>
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