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Development of Problem-Based E-Modules on Environmental Change and Preservation to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of High School Students

Journal of Biology Education · Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026) · pp. 106–119

DOI
10.15294/ujbe.v15i2.13235
ISSN
2540-833X, 2252-6579
Published
2026-08-26
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

This study aims to determine the validity, feasibility, and effectiveness of problem-based Environmental Change & Preservation E-Modules as teaching materials to improve the critical thinking skills of high school students. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) research type with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects in this study were students of class X SMA N 15 Semarang. The data collection methods used include interviews, validation questionnaires (media experts, materials, and teachers), student response questionnaires, and pretest-posttest questions. The results showed that the problem-based Environmental Change & Preservation E-Module product developed was valid, feasible, and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills with media expert validation results amounting to 96.25% with a very valid category, material expert validation results amounting to 91.25% with a very valid category, teacher validation results amounting to 100% with a very valid category, students gave a positive response, as well as the n-gain test results amounting to 0.58 in the medium category and the results of the Wilcoxon signed rank test with Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05 which means there is a significant difference in the average pretest-posttest score. It can be concluded that the problem-based Environmental Change and Preservation E-Module is very valid, feasible, and effective to use in learning to improve the critical thinking skills of high school students.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 115 co-authorship links · 26 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • Muria Kudus University
  • Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Aditya MariantiAffiliation unknown4
Yustinus Ulung AnggraitoAffiliation unknown3
Ellianawati EllianawatiState University of Semarang3
Sigit SaptonoState University of Semarang2
Arif WidiyatmokoState University of Semarang2
Wiyanto WiyantoState University of Semarang2
Ning SetiatiAffiliation unknown2
Siti Harnina BintariAffiliation unknown2
Nur Rahayu UtamiAffiliation unknown2
Muhamad Furkan Mat SallehUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Ahmad Syamil Mohd BasriUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Mohamad Hisyam IsmailUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Zulinda Ayu ZulkipliUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Nabilah AbdullahUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Siti Zuraida MaarufUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Lutfia Nur HadiyantiState University of Semarang1
W H NugrahaningsihState University of Semarang1
Sekar Dwi ArdiantiMuria Kudus University1
Savitri WanabuliandariMuria Kudus University1
Aprilia Puji LestariState University of Semarang1
ilda rizkya juliyaniAffiliation unknown1
Samsudi SamsudiAffiliation unknown1
Alfi Muklis KurniawanAffiliation unknown1
Ribka Putri AgustamiAffiliation unknown1
Akhmad Choirul AnamAffiliation unknown1
Moch Dwi Irsyad SaputraAffiliation unknown1
Retno Sri IswariState University of Semarang1
Rizki OktaviaAffiliation unknown1
Ahmad Slamet RiyadiAffiliation unknown1
Sugianto SugiantoUniversitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar1
Linda RetnowatiAffiliation unknown1
Arief PrihandokoAffiliation unknown1
Dwi PrasetyoAffiliation unknown1
Masru'ah Masru'ahAffiliation unknown1
Nur Kusuma DewiAffiliation unknown1
Alif Reza PahlevyAffiliation unknown1
Wiwi IsnaeniState University of Semarang1
Ririn Hamidatus SyarofatinAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujbe/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Development of Problem-Based E-Modules on Environmental Change and Preservation to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of High School Students</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maulida, Putri Nurrahma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Alimah, Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Chritcal Thinking Ability</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">E-Module</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Problem Based Learning</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study aims to determine the validity, feasibility, and effectiveness of problem-based Environmental Change &amp;amp; Preservation E-Modules as teaching materials to improve the critical thinking skills of high school students. This research uses the Research and Development (R&amp;amp;D) research type with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects in this study were students of class X SMA N 15 Semarang. The data collection methods used include interviews, validation questionnaires (media experts, materials, and teachers), student response questionnaires, and pretest-posttest questions. The results showed that the problem-based Environmental Change &amp;amp; Preservation E-Module product developed was valid, feasible, and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills with media expert validation results amounting to 96.25% with a very valid category, material expert validation results amounting to 91.25% with a very valid category, teacher validation results amounting to 100% with a very valid category, students gave a positive response, as well as the n-gain test results amounting to 0.58 in the medium category and the results of the Wilcoxon signed rank test with Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 &amp;lt;0.05 which means there is a significant difference in the average pretest-posttest score. It can be concluded that the problem-based Environmental Change and Preservation E-Module is very valid, feasible, and effective to use in learning to improve the critical thinking skills of high school students.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-08-26</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujbe/article/view/13235</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ujbe.v15i2.13235</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Biology Education; Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Agustus 2026; 106-119</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-833X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6579</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ujbe.v15i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujbe/article/view/13235/11215</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Biology Education</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>