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Analysis of the Validity and Readability of E-Supplement Based on Problem Based Learning Assissted Augmented Reality to Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Skills

Unnes Science Education Journal · Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025) · pp. 500–506

DOI
10.15294/usej.v14i3.29105
ISSN
2502-6232, 2252-6617
Published
2025-12-15
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the validity and readability of Problem Based Learning (PBL)-based e-supplements assisted by Augmented Reality in improving students’ critical thinking skills. Learning by utilizing teaching materials in the form of e-supplements integrated with PBL and Augmented Reality learning models is expected to provide a significant contribution to improving students’ critical thinking skills, as well as providing new insights in developing effective digital teaching materials. This study usedthe research and development (R&D) method but only up to the small-scale trial stage. The subjects of this study were grade XI students of SMA N 6 Surakarta. The data instruments used in this study were media and material validation questionnaires and readability questionnaires. The product validity criteria are seen from the assessment of media and material expert validators, while the readability criteria are seen from the results of student response questionnaires. The results of the study showed that the validity of the product was declared very valid with an average of 94.5% for media experts and 93.7% for material experts. The readability value was considered very good with an average of 89.8%. Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that PBL-based e-supplement assisted by Augmented Reality is feasible and has the potential to improve students’ critical thinking skills.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 154 co-authorship links · 3 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Retno Sri IswariState University of Semarang7
Priyantini WidiyaningrumState University of Semarang6
R. SusantiState University of Semarang5
Saiful RidloState University of Semarang5
Parmin ParminState University of Semarang4
Ning SetiatiState University of Semarang4
Wiwi IsnaeniState University of Semarang4
Widya Hary CahyatiState University of Semarang3
Oktia Woro Kasmini HandayaniState University of Semarang3
Mahalul AzamState University of Semarang3
Krispinus Kedati PukanState University of Semarang3
Sri NgabektiState University of Semarang3
Niken SubektiState University of Semarang3
Aditya MariantiState University of Semarang3
Lisdiana LisdianaState University of Semarang3
Sri Ratna RahayuState University of Semarang2
Orchida Puspa JelitaState University of Semarang2
Delia Alifia FarrezaState University of Semarang2
Yanuarita TursinawatiUniversitas Muhammadiyah Semarang2
Bambang Eko SusiloState University of Semarang2
Trida Ridho FarizState University of Semarang2
M. Faris Al HakimState University of Semarang2
Siti WahyuniState University of Semarang2
Virgania SariState University of Semarang2
Novi Ratna DewiState University of Semarang2
Intan ZainafreeState University of Semarang2
Lutfia Nur HadiyantiState University of Semarang2
Siti Harnina BintariState University of Semarang2
Dwi Puji HayatiState University of Semarang2
Sigit SaptonoState University of Semarang2
Ely RudyatmiState University of Semarang2
Nugrahaningsih WHState University of Semarang2
W H NugrahaningsihState University of Semarang2
Andreas Priyono Budi PrasetyoState University of Semarang2
Nugrahaningsih Wahyu HariniState University of Semarang2
Sri Mulyani Endang SusilowatiState University of Semarang2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/usej/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the Validity and Readability of E-Supplement Based on Problem Based Learning Assissted Augmented Reality to Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Skills</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Arumawati, Puspita Diana </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yuniastuti, Ari </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Indriyanti, Dyah Rini </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sukaesih, Sri </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">E-Supplement</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Problem Based Learning</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Augmented Reality</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Critical Thinking Skills</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study aims to analyze the validity and readability of Problem Based Learning (PBL)-based e-supplements assisted by Augmented Reality in improving students’ critical thinking skills. Learning by utilizing teaching materials in the form of e-supplements integrated with PBL and Augmented Reality learning models is expected to provide a significant contribution to improving students’ critical thinking skills, as well as providing new insights in developing effective digital teaching materials. This study usedthe research and development (R&amp;amp;D) method but only up to the small-scale trial stage. The subjects of this study were grade XI students of SMA N 6 Surakarta. The data instruments used in this study were media and material validation questionnaires and readability questionnaires. The product validity criteria are seen from the assessment of media and material expert validators, while the readability criteria are seen from the results of student response questionnaires. The results of the study showed that the validity of the product was declared very valid with an average of 94.5% for media experts and 93.7% for material experts. The readability value was considered very good with an average of 89.8%. Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that PBL-based e-supplement assisted by Augmented Reality is feasible and has the potential to improve students’ critical thinking skills.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/usej/article/view/29105</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/usej.v14i3.29105</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Unnes Science Education Journal; Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): December 2025  ; 500-506</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-6232</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6617</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/usej.v14i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/usej/article/view/29105/7995</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Unnes Science Education Journal</dc:rights>
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