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Developing a HEXACO-PI-R-Based Leadership Style Assessment Scale: An Item Response Theory and Generalizability Theory Approach

Proceedings Academic Universitas Jambi · Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026) · pp. 178–184

DOI
10.22437/proca.v2i3.60029
Published
2026-09-04
Publisher
LPPM Universitas Jambi
Language
en
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstract

Background: Educational leadership is crucial in determining strategic direction and school quality. However, current leadership assessment instruments heavily rely on the Big Five model and Classical Test Theory (CTT), frequently failing to capture moral integrity accurately and remaining prone to rater bias. Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a robust Leadership Style Assessment (LSA) scale model based on the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) utilizing Item Response Theory (IRT) and Generalizability Theory (GT). Methods: Employing a Research and Development (R&D) design, this conceptual study targets educational leaders across 302 public schools in Batang Hari Regency, Indonesia. The systematic 7-step procedure includes construct determination,blueprinting, expert validation, field trials, and psychometric finalization. IRT is utilized to calibrate item characteristics for measurement invariance, while GT is applied to evaluate measurement consistency across multiple sources of error variance. Results: As a study protocol, the anticipated outcomes include a validated multidimensional scale achieving an Aiken’s V > 0.80 for content validity, and high measurement dependability indicated by IRT information functions and GT coefficients exceeding 0.80. Conclusion: The proposed LSA scale will provide a highly accurate, bias-free diagnostic profile of ethical leadership, serving as a vital decision-support system for educational talent management.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 78 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Hasanuddin University
  • Diponegoro University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Muslich HidayatAffiliation unknown9
Samsul KamalAffiliation unknown5
Nurdin AminAffiliation unknown5
Rizky AhadiAffiliation unknown3
Robi HendraAffiliation unknown3
K.A RahmanAffiliation unknown3
Firman FirmanHasanuddin University2
Hadiyanto HadiyantoDiponegoro University2
Nunung FajaryaniAffiliation unknown2
Kurniawati KurniawatiAffiliation unknown2
Lenny GannikaAffiliation unknown2
Andi Samsu AlamAffiliation unknown1
Irwan TaslimAffiliation unknown1
Jaka BudimanAffiliation unknown1
Dedy Rahmad SitinjakAffiliation unknown1
Sarjiyanto SarjiyantoAffiliation unknown1
Okky WulandariAffiliation unknown1
Rahman RahmanAffiliation unknown1
Ndari PurnamiAffiliation unknown1
Ndari Tri PurnamiAffiliation unknown1
Syifa Nurul HudaAffiliation unknown1
CIndy SIntiyaAffiliation unknown1
Nurul HidayahAffiliation unknown1
Nurul Hidayah HidayahAffiliation unknown1
Salsa NisaAffiliation unknown1
Muhammad QudwatieAffiliation unknown1
Habibullah HabibullahAffiliation unknown1
Eddy HaryantoAffiliation unknown1
Rossa Aprilia SiregarAffiliation unknown1
Delita SartikaAffiliation unknown1
Tri AndiniAffiliation unknown1
Rachmawati RachmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Muchlash AbrarAffiliation unknown1
Robi SomaAffiliation unknown1
M. SibawaihiAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/PROCA/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Developing a HEXACO-PI-R-Based Leadership Style Assessment Scale: An Item Response Theory and Generalizability Theory Approach</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Muspawi, Mohamad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mulyadi, Mulyadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Masbirorotni, Masbirorotni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yantoro, Yantoro</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fiqhi, Ajuzar</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Leadership Assessment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">HEXACO-PI-R</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Item Response Theory</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Generalizability Theory</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Educational Management</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Moral Integrity</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Educational leadership is crucial in determining strategic direction and school quality. However, current leadership assessment instruments heavily rely on the Big Five model and Classical Test Theory (CTT), frequently failing to capture moral integrity accurately and remaining prone to rater bias. Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a robust Leadership Style Assessment (LSA) scale model based on the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) utilizing Item Response Theory (IRT) and Generalizability Theory (GT). Methods: Employing a Research and Development (R&amp;amp;D) design, this conceptual study targets educational leaders across 302 public schools in Batang Hari Regency, Indonesia. The systematic 7-step procedure includes construct determination,blueprinting, expert validation, field trials, and psychometric finalization. IRT is utilized to calibrate item characteristics for measurement invariance, while GT is applied to evaluate measurement consistency across multiple sources of error variance. Results: As a study protocol, the anticipated outcomes include a validated multidimensional scale achieving an Aiken’s V &amp;gt; 0.80 for content validity, and high measurement dependability indicated by IRT information functions and GT coefficients exceeding 0.80. Conclusion: The proposed LSA scale will provide a highly accurate, bias-free diagnostic profile of ethical leadership, serving as a vital decision-support system for educational talent management.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">LPPM Universitas Jambi</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-04</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/PROCA/article/view/60029</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22437/proca.v2i3.60029</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Proceedings Academic Universitas Jambi; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): The 6th Green Development International Conference; 178-184</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.22437/5c7v5092</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/PROCA/article/view/60029/25591</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamad Muspawi, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Masbirorotni Masbirorotni, Yantoro Yantoro, Ajuzar Fiqhi</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>