The Relationships between Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Behavior Towards Infant Food Formula Selection: The Views of the Malaysian Mothers

Ramayah, T.; Nasurdin, Aizzat Mohd.; Noor, Mohd. Nasser; Sin, Quah Boon

doi:10.22146/gamaijb.5556

Jurnal SINTA 1

The Relationships between Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Behavior Towards Infant Food Formula Selection: The Views of the Malaysian Mothers

Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business (GamaIJB) · Vol. 6 No. 3 (2004) · pp. 405–418

DOI: 10.22146/gamaijb.5556
ISSN: 2338-7238, 1411-1128
Published: 2004-09-12
Publisher: Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Language: eng

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the relationships between belief, attitude, subjective norm, intention, and behavior towards the choice of infant food based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). An analysis on a sample of 108 mothers indicates that the TRA could be used in predicting choice decision of infant food formulas by explaining 57 percent of the variance in the behavioral intention. The subjective norm component had a higher predictive power than the attitudinal component. Of this normative component, parents or relatives and doctors were found to be more influential. Intention to choose an infant formula was also influenced by family income. The belief outcomes in evaluating a premium infant formula and economic infant formula were found to be different. For premium infant formula, brand trusted, closest to breast milk and nutrients content were identified as the dominant attributes. In contrast, availability, affordable, and nutrients content were identified as the prime beliefs in evaluating economic infant formula. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

16 authors · 26 co-authorship links · 10 across different organisations

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Universiti Sains Malaysia
Daffodil International University
Universiti Teknologi MARA
University of Jos
Universiti of Malaysia Sabah
Intel (Malaysia)
Affiliation unknown

Different organisations
Same organisation
Affiliation unknown
Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles

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Co-author	Organisation	Joint articles
S. C. Kumaresan	Intel (Malaysia)	2
Muhamad Jantan	Universiti Sains Malaysia	2
Wong Wai Peng	Universiti Sains Malaysia	2
Md. Shohel Arman	Daffodil International University	1
Rozina Akter	Daffodil International University	1
Imran Mahmud	Daffodil International University	1
Magdalene Ang Chooi Hwa	Universiti of Malaysia Sabah	1
Abdul Rahman Rahim	Universiti Teknologi MARA	1
Soon Lay Khuan	Universiti Sains Malaysia	1
Mohamad Abdullah Hemdi	Universiti Teknologi MARA	1
Linus Jonathan Vem	University of Jos	1
Patrick Ojei Eshue	University of Jos	1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.ugm.ac.id/gamaijb/oai, first harvested 28 Okt 2026, last seen 28 Okt 2026.

Original metadata (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Relationships between Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Behavior Towards Infant Food Formula Selection: The Views of the Malaysian Mothers</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Ramayah, T.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nasurdin, Aizzat Mohd.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Noor, Mohd. Nasser</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sin, Quah Boon</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">attitude; behavior; belief; infant food formula; intention; Malaysian mothers; subjective norm; Theory of Reasoned Action</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The purpose of the study is to determine the relationships between belief, attitude, subjective norm, intention, and behavior towards the choice of infant food based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). An analysis on a sample of 108 mothers indicates that the TRA could be used in predicting choice decision of infant food formulas by explaining 57 percent of the variance in the behavioral intention. The subjective norm component had a higher predictive power than the attitudinal component. Of this normative component, parents or relatives and doctors were found to be more influential. Intention to choose an infant formula was also influenced by family income. The belief outcomes in evaluating a premium infant formula and economic infant formula were found to be different. For premium infant formula, brand trusted, closest to breast milk and nutrients content were identified as the dominant attributes. In contrast, availability, affordable, and nutrients content were identified as the prime beliefs in evaluating economic infant formula. Implications of the findings are discussed. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2004-09-12</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/gamaijb/article/view/5556</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22146/gamaijb.5556</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business; Vol 6, No 3 (2004): September-December; 405 - 418</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-7238</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1411-1128</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/gamaijb/article/view/5556/4527</dc:relation>
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