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Ultrafiltration Technology for Batik SME Wastewater Treatment: Column-Based Materials with Zippers for Plant Irrigation Water Supply

Rekayasa · Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024) · hlm. 52–61

DOI
10.15294/rekayasa.v22i1.17184
ISSN
2527-6964, 0216-6631
Terbit
2024-12-31
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Textile batik wastewater discharged into drains can contaminate groundwater and harm ecosystems and human health. This study focuses on reducing hazardous heavy metals in sewage through physical and chemical filtration. Heavy metals in the wastewater can poison aquatic organisms, disrupt food chains, and contaminate water sources. The goal is to analyze the heavy metal content, pH, and colour of batik wastewater to make it safe for plant irrigation. The filtration process uses silica sand, activated carbon, and zeolite for mechanical filtration and ion exchange. Ultrafiltration is added to remove fine particles, heavy metals, and organic matter more effectively while resisting fouling. These materials are placed in zipper bags for easy replacement and regeneration. The wastewater passes through a filtration column consisting of two tanks: Tank 1 for fresh wastewater and sedimentation, and Tank 2 for overflow from Tank 1. Tests were conducted for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn using AAS, pH with a universal pH meter, and colour through organoleptic analysis. Cr levels initially exceeded quality standards, while Cu, Pb, and Zn were within safe limits. After filtration, reductions of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were 81%, 8%, 22%, and 85%, respectively. The pH decreased from 10–11 to 7–8, and water color improved from murky greenish-brown to clearer. The results demonstrate the potential of ultrafiltration in reducing heavy metals, stabilizing pH, and improving water clarity. Wastewater treated through this process meets safety standards and can be used for plant irrigation.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ella KusumastutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Cepi KurniawanState University of Semarang4
Nuni WidiartiState University of Semarang3
Maharani KusumaningrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Nanik WijayatiState University of Semarang2
Nuril HudaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ridho PrasetyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Martin SulistyaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
SRI WAHYUNIAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Jumaeri JumaeriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Irene Nindita PradnyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy BahlawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Indrasukma PermanadewiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Irawaty IrawatyUniversitas Halu Oleo2
Sigit PriatmokoState University of Semarang1
Rr. Sri Endang PujiastutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sudarmin SudarminAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Prasetyo ListiadjiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
M. SasmitaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rizka Ayu MelykhatunAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
HarjonoState University of Semarang1
Mohammad AlauhdinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Riska Putri MawarniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Latifah LatifahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Atika RapiernaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hayyu FitriahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eko Budi SusatyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eka HartantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Siti Sundari MiswadiState University of Semarang1
Muryani DinataAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Luluatul MaghfirohAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yogo SetiawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Harjono HanisAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Chayun Pida RenniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mega Bunga PersadaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/rekayasa/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 6 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Ultrafiltration Technology for Batik SME Wastewater Treatment: Column-Based Materials with Zippers for Plant Irrigation Water Supply</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zakia, Maulida</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mahatmanti, F. Widhi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wati, Safna Rahma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rahmalia, Berliana Putri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rengga, Wara Dyah Pita</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">filtration column</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">sedimentation </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">heavy metal </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">activated carbon </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">zippered pouch </dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Textile batik wastewater discharged into drains can contaminate groundwater and harm ecosystems and human health. This study focuses on reducing hazardous heavy metals in sewage through physical and chemical filtration. Heavy metals in the wastewater can poison aquatic organisms, disrupt food chains, and contaminate water sources. The goal is to analyze the heavy metal content, pH, and colour of batik wastewater to make it safe for plant irrigation. The filtration process uses silica sand, activated carbon, and zeolite for mechanical filtration and ion exchange. Ultrafiltration is added to remove fine particles, heavy metals, and organic matter more effectively while resisting fouling. These materials are placed in zipper bags for easy replacement and regeneration. The wastewater passes through a filtration column consisting of two tanks: Tank 1 for fresh wastewater and sedimentation, and Tank 2 for overflow from Tank 1. Tests were conducted for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn using AAS, pH with a universal pH meter, and colour through organoleptic analysis. Cr levels initially exceeded quality standards, while Cu, Pb, and Zn were within safe limits. After filtration, reductions of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were 81%, 8%, 22%, and 85%, respectively. The pH decreased from 10–11 to 7–8, and water color improved from murky greenish-brown to clearer. The results demonstrate the potential of ultrafiltration in reducing heavy metals, stabilizing pH, and improving water clarity. Wastewater treated through this process meets safety standards and can be used for plant irrigation.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/rekayasa/article/view/17184</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/rekayasa.v22i1.17184</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Rekayasa; Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024); 52-61</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2527-6964</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0216-6631</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/rekayasa/article/view/17184/3274</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2024 Rekayasa : Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi dan Pembelajaran</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>