Penilaian Risiko Semikuantitatif Logam Berat pada Ikan Salmon di Jabodetabek: Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Salmon Distributed in Jabodetabek

Abstract

Indonesian

Impor ikan salmon terus meningkat, sedangkan di beberapa perairan negara asal ikan salmon terdapat indikasi potensi bahaya pencemaran logam berat. Fenomena ini meningkatkan kesadaran tentang keamanan pangan konsumsi ikan salmon, oleh karena itu penilaian risiko sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kandungan Hg, Pb, dan Cd pada daging ikan salmon serta mengkaji risiko logam berat pada konsumsi ikan salmon di wilayah Jabodetabek. Ikan salmon sebanyak 132 ekor diambil secara acak dari Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok, analisis logam berat menggunakan instrumen Flameless Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, penilaian resiko berdasarkan metode United States Environmental Protection Agency dan risk ranger berdasarkan Ross dan Sumner, didukung oleh literature study dan kuesioner. Kandungan logam berat Hg, Pb, dan Cd pada ikan salmon yang terdeteksi masing-masing sebesar 0,0646±0,0056, 0,00505±0,0446, dan 0,0119±0,0006 ppm menunjukkan masih berada di bawah ambang batas yang ditetapkan oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia (0,5; 0,2; dan 0,1 ppm). Hasil penilaian risiko semi-kuantitatif untuk Hg, Pb, dan Cd adalah 0,0567; 0,0013; dan 0,0010 (kurang dari 1) yang menyiratkan bahwa konsumsi ikan salmon tidak memiliki potensi risiko bahaya. Bagaimanapun logam berat terakumulasi dalam tubuh manusia, oleh karena itu analisis konsumsi makanan perlu dilakukan. Risk ranger menunjukkan bahwa estimasi peringkat risiko logam berat berada pada kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa salmon yang diimpor dan dikonsumsi oleh warga Jabodetabek masih relatif aman.

English

Salmon imports continue to rise, while there were indications in some waters of the salmon's origin country that is a potential danger of heavy metals contamination. This phenomenon raises awareness regarding the food safety of salmon consumption, therefore a risk assessment is crucial to be conducted. The purposes of this study were to determine the content of Hg, Pb, and Cd in salmon meat and to assess the risk of heavy metals in salmon consumption in Jabodetabek area. Salmon fish, 132 in total was randomly taken from Tanjung Priok Port, the heavy metal analysis used the Flameless Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry instrument, risk assessment based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency method and risk ranger based on Ross and Sumner, supported by systematic literature review and questionnaires. The heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Cd in salmon were detected at 0.0646±0.0056, 0.0505±0.0446, and 0.0119±0.0006 ppm, respectively, indicating that there were still below the thresholds set by Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (0.5;0.2;and 0.1 ppm). The results of the semi-quantitative risk assessment for Hg, Pb, and Cd were 0.0567, 0.0013, and 0.0010 (less than 1) implying that salmon consumption have no a potential risk of hazard. However heavy metals are accumulated in human body, hence, the diet consumption analysis needed to be performed. The risk ranger showed that the estimated risk ranking of heavy metals was in the medium category. Based on the results, it can be concluded that imported and consumed salmon by Jabodetabek residents was still relatively safe.

Keywords

• bioaccumulation
• contaminants
• hazard quotient
• rainbow trout
• risk ranger
• bioakumulasi
• kontaminasi