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Pengaruh konsentrasi asam klorida terhadap ekstraksi glukosamina dari kitosan Penaeus monodon sebagai sistem sediaan liposom: The effect of hydrochloric acid concentration on glucosamin extraction from chitosan Penaeus monodon as liposomal-based delivery system

Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia · Vol. 28 No. 3 (2025) · pp. 322–335

DOI
10.17844/jphpi.v28i3.62605
ISSN
2354-886X, 2303-2111
Published
2025-03-30
Publisher
Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)
Language
ind

Abstract

Indonesian

Glukosamina merupakan senyawa penting untuk menjaga kesehatan sendi. Saat ini, hampir seluruh kebutuhan glukosamina di Indonesia masih bergantung pada impor. Pengembangan produksi glukosamina dengan variasi konsentrasi HCl menjadi langkah strategis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi HCl terbaik dalam proses hidrolisis kitosan menggunakan metode ekstraksi ultrasonikasi untuk menghasilkan glukosamina hidroklorida (GlcN-HCl) berdasarkan rendemen, karakteristik fisikokimia, derajat kristalisasi, gugus fungsi, dan ukuran partikel. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi HCl sebesar 4, 6, dan 8%. Proses hidrolisis dilakukan dengan perlakuan ultrasonikasi selama 40 menit. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi karakteristik fisikokimia, analisis X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), gugus fungsi melalui Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), dan ukuran partikel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstraksi ultrasonik dengan variasi konsentrasi HCl menghasilkan GlcN-HCl dengan karakteristik fisikokimia yang baik. Rendemen yang diperoleh berkisar antara 78,95–86,20%. GlcN-HCl yang dihasilkan memiliki pH 3,59–3,64 serta struktur kristal spesifik pada sudut 2θ (9,87° dan 28,95°) berdasarkan analisis XRD. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan serapan khas pada bilangan gelombang 1.613 cm⁻¹, yang mengindikasikan keberadaan gugus amina. Ukuran partikel GlcN-HCl berkisar antara 26–239 nm. Perlakuan ekstraksi glukosamina dengan HCl 4% menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi sehingga terpilih untuk formulasi sediaan liposom. Evaluasi stabilitas liposom yang mengandung GlcN-HCl selama 4 hari penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa waktu penyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap kestabilan fisik liposom, yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kekeruhan.

English

Glucosamine is an important compound for maintaining joint health. Currently, almost all glucosamine needs in Indonesia still depend on imports. Therefore, developing glucosamine production with variations in HCl concentration is a strategic step to meet national needs. The study's goal is to find the best HCl concentration for breaking down chitosan using ultrasonic extraction to make glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN-HCl) and putting it in a liposome system. Extraction was carried out with variations in HCl concentration of 2%, 4%, and 6%, with the hope of obtaining the best yield. The hydrolysis process was carried out with ultrasonic treatment for 40 minutes. The results indicated that the ultrasonic extraction method with variations in HCl concentration produced GlcN-HCl with good physicochemical characteristics. The yield obtained ranged from 78.95 to 78.95–86.20%. The resulting GlcN-HCl has a pH of 3.9–3.64 and a specific crystal structure at an angle of 2θ (9.87° and 28.95°) based on XRD analysis. The FTIR spectrum showed a characteristic absorption at wave number 1613 cm⁻¹, indicating the presence of amine groups. The particle size of GlcN-HCl ranged from 26 to 26–239 nm. Evaluation of the stability of liposomes containing GlcN-HCl during 4 days of storage showed that storage time affected the physical stability of liposomes, which was indicated by an increase in turbidity.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 194 co-authorship links · 6 across different organisations · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • IPB University
  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Bambang RiyantoBandung Institute of Technology12
Joko SantosoAffiliation unknown8
Tati NurhayatiAffiliation unknown7
Iriani SetyaningsihIPB University5
Bustami IbrahimAffiliation unknown4
Uju UjuAffiliation unknown4
Kustiariyah TarmanIPB University3
Sugeng Heri SusenoIPB University3
Safrina Dyah HardiningtyasIPB University3
Joko SantosoIPB University2
Farel WidiarsyahIPB University2
Silva FauziahAffiliation unknown2
Fahri SinulinggaAffiliation unknown2
. UjuAffiliation unknown2
NurjanahAffiliation unknown2
Mala NurilmalaAffiliation unknown2
Nurhayati NurhayatiPoliteknik Negeri Ujung Pandang2
Sri PurwaningsihAffiliation unknown2
Desniar DesniarAffiliation unknown2
Wa Ode Nur Asma La Dia NurAffiliation unknown2
Tri WahyuningsihAffiliation unknown1
Deny Tri PrastyoAffiliation unknown1
Hari CahyonoAffiliation unknown1
Nindya Hambar WasistoAffiliation unknown1
Rizfi Faris PariAffiliation unknown1
Khusnul AiniAffiliation unknown1
Aula SakinahAffiliation unknown1
Agus SupriyantoAffiliation unknown1
Sihono SihonoAffiliation unknown1
Bagus Sediadi Bandol UtomoAffiliation unknown1
Subaryono SubaryonoAffiliation unknown1
Ellya SinuratAffiliation unknown1
Fateha FatehaAffiliation unknown1
Theresia Dwi SuryaningrumAffiliation unknown1
Dina FransiskaAffiliation unknown1
Bakti Berlyanto SedayuAffiliation unknown1
Waryanto WaryantoAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jphpi/oai, first harvested 9 Nov 2026, last seen 9 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="id">Pengaruh konsentrasi asam klorida terhadap ekstraksi glukosamina dari kitosan Penaeus monodon sebagai sistem sediaan liposom: The effect of hydrochloric acid concentration on  glucosamin extraction from chitosan Penaeus monodon as liposomal-based delivery system</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">Makatita,  Suciarti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">Trilaksani,  Wini</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="id">Ramadhan,  Wahyu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Makatita,  Suciarti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Trilaksani,  Wini</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ramadhan,  Wahyu</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">chitosan</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">glucosamine</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">hydrolysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">nanoparticle</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">sonication</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">glukosamina</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">kitosan</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">hidrolisis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">nanopartikel</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="id">sonikasi</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="id">Glukosamina merupakan senyawa penting untuk menjaga kesehatan sendi. Saat ini, hampir seluruh kebutuhan glukosamina di Indonesia masih bergantung pada impor. Pengembangan produksi glukosamina dengan variasi konsentrasi HCl menjadi langkah strategis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi HCl terbaik dalam proses hidrolisis kitosan menggunakan metode ekstraksi ultrasonikasi untuk menghasilkan glukosamina hidroklorida (GlcN-HCl) berdasarkan rendemen, karakteristik fisikokimia, derajat kristalisasi, gugus fungsi, dan ukuran partikel. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi HCl sebesar 4, 6, dan 8%. Proses hidrolisis dilakukan dengan perlakuan ultrasonikasi selama 40 menit. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi karakteristik fisikokimia, analisis X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), gugus fungsi melalui Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), dan ukuran partikel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstraksi ultrasonik dengan variasi konsentrasi HCl menghasilkan GlcN-HCl dengan karakteristik fisikokimia yang baik. Rendemen yang diperoleh berkisar antara 78,95–86,20%. GlcN-HCl yang dihasilkan memiliki pH 3,59–3,64 serta struktur kristal spesifik pada sudut 2θ (9,87° dan 28,95°) berdasarkan analisis XRD. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan serapan khas pada bilangan gelombang 1.613 cm⁻¹, yang mengindikasikan keberadaan gugus amina. Ukuran partikel GlcN-HCl berkisar antara 26–239 nm. Perlakuan ekstraksi glukosamina dengan HCl 4% menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi sehingga terpilih untuk formulasi sediaan liposom. &amp;nbsp;Evaluasi stabilitas liposom yang mengandung GlcN-HCl selama 4 hari penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa waktu penyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap kestabilan fisik liposom, yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kekeruhan.</dc:description>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Glucosamine is an important compound for maintaining joint health. Currently, almost all glucosamine needs in Indonesia still depend on imports. Therefore, developing glucosamine production with variations in HCl concentration is a strategic step to meet national needs. The study's goal is to find the best HCl concentration for breaking down chitosan using ultrasonic extraction to make glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN-HCl) and putting it in a liposome system. Extraction was carried out with variations in HCl concentration of 2%, 4%, and 6%, with the hope of obtaining the best yield. The hydrolysis process was carried out with ultrasonic treatment for 40 minutes. The results indicated that the ultrasonic extraction method with variations in HCl concentration produced GlcN-HCl with good physicochemical characteristics. The yield obtained ranged from 78.95 to 78.95–86.20%. The resulting GlcN-HCl has a pH of 3.9–3.64 and a specific crystal structure at an angle of 2θ (9.87° and 28.95°) based on XRD analysis. The FTIR spectrum showed a characteristic absorption at wave number 1613 cm⁻¹, indicating the presence of amine groups. The particle size of GlcN-HCl ranged from 26 to 26–239 nm. Evaluation of the stability of liposomes containing GlcN-HCl during 4 days of storage showed that storage time affected the physical stability of liposomes, which was indicated by an increase&amp;nbsp;in&amp;nbsp;turbidity.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-03-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.ipb.ac.id/jphpi/article/view/62605</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.17844/jphpi.v28i3.62605</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia; Vol 28 No 3 (2025): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 28(3); 322-335</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia; Vol. 28 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 28(3); 322-335</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2354-886X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-2111</dc:source>
	<dc:language>ind</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ipb.ac.id/jphpi/article/view/62605/30440</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025  Suciarti Makatita,  Wini Trilaksani,  Wahyu Ramadhan</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>