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PROBLEMATIKA KEPADATAN RUANG KELAS DI SEKOLAH DASAR: DAMPAK DAN STRATEGI PENANGANAN

Joyful Learning Journal · Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026) · pp. 207–214

DOI
10.15294/jlj.v14i4.64465
ISSN
2775-295X, 2252-6366
Published
2026-09-25
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

Classroom overcrowding has become a crucial problem faced by elementary schools in various countries, including Indonesia. Classroom conditions that exceed ideal capacity significantly impact the quality of learning processes, teacher teaching effectiveness, and student academic achievement. This article aims to analyze the problems of classroom overcrowding in elementary schools through a systematic literature review. The method used is a literature review of 30 national and international journal articles published between 2020-2025. Article searches were conducted through Google Scholar, ERIC, and Portal Garuda with keywords "classroom overcrowding", "kepadatan kelas", "elementary school", "sekolah dasar", "class size", and "ruang belajar". Inclusion criteria encompassed articles published in accredited journals, discussing elementary school contexts, and using valid research methods. The review findings reveal three main problem categories: pedagogical barriers in implementing active learning strategies and differentiation, limitations in quality teacher-student interactions due to high teacher-student ratios, and negative impacts on psychological well-being manifested as teacher stress and decreased student learning concentration. Causal factors include student population growth disproportionate to infrastructure expansion, inequitable distribution of educational facilities between urban-rural areas, and limited budgets for new classroom construction. This review recommends implementing differentiated instruction adapted for crowded classroom contexts, optimizing classroom arrangement and management through flexible design, evidence-based educational infrastructure distribution policies using demographic data, and strengthening teacher capacity in classroom management for large classes.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 54 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Jambi
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Wantoro WantoroState University of Semarang2
Yuli Kurniawati Sugiyo PranotoAffiliation unknown2
Edi WaluyoAffiliation unknown2
Enni RahmawatiAffiliation unknown1
Adzannisa Arum KomputerisnaAffiliation unknown1
Oktari Wulan MaghfirohAffiliation unknown1
Istiqomatul KhusnaAffiliation unknown1
Surya WulantikaAffiliation unknown1
Kiki ApriyantiAffiliation unknown1
Lina AndikawatiAffiliation unknown1
Dwi Safitri YadiAffiliation unknown1
Ratna MartyanaAffiliation unknown1
Retno AriniAffiliation unknown1
Resta HardasariAffiliation unknown1
Roby Naufal ArzaqiAffiliation unknown1
Miftakhul Lutfi FauziahAffiliation unknown1
Novia AnjarsariAffiliation unknown1
Prahesti Shinta FebrianingrumAffiliation unknown1
Ricky Ariyanto Prawiratama PutraAffiliation unknown1
Rizqi AmaliahAffiliation unknown1
Evanda FebriantiAffiliation unknown1
Rizqi Nurzaini PutriAffiliation unknown1
Avi Budi SetiawanAffiliation unknown1
Kurotul AeniAffiliation unknown1
Nur RahadianAffiliation unknown1
Yuli UtantoAffiliation unknown1
Sholihatun SholihatunAffiliation unknown1
R Agustinus Arum EkaAffiliation unknown1
Yuli Kurniawati SPAffiliation unknown1
Ima IndarwatiAffiliation unknown1
Sri Sularti Dewanti HandayaniAffiliation unknown1
Amirul MukmininUniversitas Jambi1
Ani RusilowatiState University of Semarang1
Bambang SubaliAffiliation unknown1
Esti Ayu RatnasariAffiliation unknown1
Nuni WidiartiAffiliation unknown1
Khamidun KhamidunAffiliation unknown1
Alfiyatur RohmaniyahAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jlj/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 8 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">PROBLEMATIKA KEPADATAN RUANG KELAS DI SEKOLAH DASAR: DAMPAK DAN STRATEGI PENANGANAN</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Diana, Diana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Raharjo, Aziz Eka</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">classroom overcrowding, elementary school, learning, educational infrastructure, classroom management</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Classroom overcrowding has become a crucial problem faced by elementary schools in various countries, including Indonesia. Classroom conditions that exceed ideal capacity significantly impact the quality of learning processes, teacher teaching effectiveness, and student academic achievement. This article aims to analyze the problems of classroom overcrowding in elementary schools through a systematic literature review. The method used is a literature review of 30 national and international journal articles published between 2020-2025. Article searches were conducted through Google Scholar, ERIC, and Portal Garuda with keywords "classroom overcrowding", "kepadatan kelas", "elementary school", "sekolah dasar", "class size", and "ruang belajar". Inclusion criteria encompassed articles published in accredited journals, discussing elementary school contexts, and using valid research methods. The review findings reveal three main problem categories: pedagogical barriers in implementing active learning strategies and differentiation, limitations in quality teacher-student interactions due to high teacher-student ratios, and negative impacts on psychological well-being manifested as teacher stress and decreased student learning concentration. Causal factors include student population growth disproportionate to infrastructure expansion, inequitable distribution of educational facilities between urban-rural areas, and limited budgets for new classroom construction. This review recommends implementing differentiated instruction adapted for crowded classroom contexts, optimizing classroom arrangement and management through flexible design, evidence-based educational infrastructure distribution policies using demographic data, and strengthening teacher capacity in classroom management for large classes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-25</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jlj/article/view/64465</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jlj.v14i4.64465</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Joyful Learning Journal; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): Joyful Learning Journal: Maret 2024; 207-214</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2775-295X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6366</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jlj/article/view/64465/11557</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Joyful Learning Journal</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>